Examples
un-: acceptable – unacceptable, bearable – unbearable,
comfortable – uncomfortable, equal – unequal, expected – unexpected,
happy – unhappy, important – unimportant, known – unknown, limited –
unlimited, official – unofficial, pleasant – unpleasant, punctual -
unpunctual, reliable – unreliable, wise – unwise; to dress – to undress, to do – to undo, to load – to unload, to lock – to unlock, to pack – to unpack, to tie – to untie.
in- (-il, -ir, -im):
ability – inability, adequate – inadequate, attentive - inattentive,
capable – incapable, comparable – incomparable, complete – incomplete,
direct – indirect, different – indifferent, divisible – indivisible,
efficient – inefficient, experienced – inexperienced, tolerable –
intolerable; legal – illegal, literate – illiterate, logical –
illogical, regular – irregular, resolute – irresolute, resistible –
irresistible, responsible – irresponsible, mobile – immobile, modest –
immodest, patient – impatient, possible – impossible, probable –
improbable, significant – insignificant.
dis-: to approve – to disapprove, to like – to dislike, to obey – to
disobey, honest – dishonest, to satisfy – to dissatisfy; to appear –
to disappear, to arm – to disarm, to connect – to disconnect.
non-: conductor – non-conductor, essential – non-essential, ferrous – non-ferrous.
re-:
to appear – to reappear, to consider – to reconsider, to construct – to
reconstruct, to elect – to reelect, to export – to re-export, to open –
to reopen, to read – to re-read, to sell – to resell, to write – to
rewrite.
mis-:
to hear – to mishear, to inform – to misinform, to interpret – to
misinterpret, to lead – to mislead, to quote – to misquote, to
understand – to misunderstand.
over-:
to charge – to overcharge, to estimate – to overestimate, to load – to
overload, to pay – to overpay, to value – to overvalue, production –
overproduction.
under-: to charge – to undercharge, to do – to underdo, to value – to undervalue, to pay – to underpay, production – underproduction.
pre-: historic – prehistoric, war – pre-war.
post-: war – post-war.
anti-: aircraft – anti-aircraft, cyclone – anticyclone, fascist – antifascist.
counter-: to act – to counteract, action - counteraction, attack – counter-attack, claim – counterclaim, offer – counteroffer.
co-: author – co-author, education – co-education, existence – coexistence, operation – cooperation.
inter-: national – international, action - interaction, dependent – interdependent, session – intersession, town – inter-town.
ex-: ex-champion, ex-minister, ex-president.
sub-: committee – subcommittee, conscious – subconscious, division – subdivision, marine – submarine.
ultra-: ultra-microscopic, ultra-short, ultra-violet.
en-: able – to enable, circle – to encircle, danger – to endanger, large – to enlarge, to rich – to enrich, slave – to enslave.
-er, -or:
to buy – buyer, to direct – director, to create – creator, to inspect –
inspector, to invent – inventor, to perform – performer, to produce –
producer, to sell – seller, to supply – supplier, to teach – teacher, to
translate – translator, to visit – visitor, to work – worker, to write –
writer.
-ism, -ist: materialism, idealism, materialist, idealist.
-ee: to address – addressee, to employ – employee, to pay – payee, to trust – trustee.
-ian: Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Norwegian; comedian, guardian.
-age: to leak - leakage, to marry – marriage, to pass – passage, pilgrim – pilgrimage.
-ance, -ence : important
– importance, innocent – innocence, different – difference, insistent -
insistence, to perform – performance, resistant – resistance, to
resemble – resemblance, violent – violence.
-dom: free – freedom, wise – wisdom, king – kingdom, bore – boredom.
-hood: brother – brotherhood, child – childhood, man – manhood, mother – motherhood, neighbour – neighbourhood.
-ion (-ation, -tion, -sion, -ssion)
to collect – collection, to combine – combination, to connect -
connection, to dictate – dictation, to imagine – imagination, to include
– inclusion, to introduce – introduction, to irritate – irritation, to
produce – production, to restrict – restriction, to satisfy –
satisfaction, to explode – explosion, to submit – submission, to
transmit – transmission.
-ment
to agree – agreement, to develop – development, to govern – government,
to improve - improvement, to pay – payment, to require – requirement,
to settle – settlement.
-ness
bitter – bitterness, cold – coldness, dark – darkness, fit – fitness,
fresh – freshness, kind – kindness, weak – weakness, hopeless –
hopelessness.
-ship dictator – dictatorship, friend – friendship, leader – leadership, member - membership.
-ure to depart – departure, to please – pleasure, to press – pressure, to seize – seizure.
-ity (-ty, -cy): curious
– curiosity, generous – generosity, public – publicity, anxious –
anxiety, various – variety, proper – property, secure – security, vital –
vitality, private – privacy, inefficient – inefficiency.
-able, -ible
to change – changeable, to eat – eatable, to compare – comparable, to
convert – convertible, to understand – understandable, to value –
valuable.
-al centre – central, culture – cultural, form – formal, intellect – intellectual, post – postal.
-ant, -ent: to differ – different, to insist – insistent, to resist – resistant.
-ful: beauty – beautiful, care – careful, doubt - doubtful, fruit – fruitful, harm – harmful, use – useful.
-ish: Dane – Danish, Pole – Polish, Scott – Scottish, Swede – Swedish; red – reddish, brown – brownish, stout - stoutish.
-ive: to act – active, to compare – comparative, effect – effective, to restrict – restrictive, to talk – talkative.
-less: hope – hopeless, use – useless, fruit – fruitless, shame – shameless, home – homeless, help – helpless, thought – thoughtless.
-ous: courage – courageous, danger – dangerous, fame – famous, glory – glorious.
-y: cloud – cloudy, dirt – dirty, fog – foggy, frost – frosty, rain – rainy, sun – sunny, thirst – thirsty, wind – windy.
-en:
black – to blacken, broad – to broaden, bright – to brighten, dark – to
darken, danger – to endanger, deaf – deafen, long – lengthen, sharp –
to sharpen, short – to shorten, strength – to strengthen, tight – to
tighten, wide – to widen.
-fy: false – to falsify, horror – to horrify, to simple – to simplify, pure – to purify, clear – to clarify.
-ize: character – to characterize, crystal – to crystallize, sympathy – to sympathize.
Examples of compounds:
Bedroom = bed + room, blackboard = black + board, ice-box = ice + box,
newspaper = news + paper, opera-glasses = opera + glasses, reading-room =
reading + room, schoolboy = school + boy, shoemaker = shoe + maker,
steamship = steam + ship.
Dark-blue = dark + blue, first-class = first + class, red-hot = red + hot, black-bearded = black + bearded.
To whitewash, to broadcast, etc.
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