Ready for C1 p 34. Fashion Trends. Article. Word Formation

TASK description:

A magazine is inviting readers to write an article about the fashion trends people follow. You decide to write an article commenting on why people follow fashion trends, and assessing if people use fashion as a form of self-expression or not.

Sample answer

Following Fashion- Why Do We Do It?

Is fashion important to you? For most people it is, at least to some extent. From those who wear (1)________ (TREND) ripped jeans and loose-fitting T-shirts to those who wear smart (2)___________ (TAILOR) suits and expensive designer outfits, each individual can have their own style. But why are people following fashion? And what impact can this have on their self-expression?

(3)___________ (ARGUE), one factor that influences what people wear is the need to impress others. People who dress well and keep up with the latest styles seem to be more noticed than those who are not concerned about their (4)____________ (APPEAR). For this reason, people wear fashionable clothing and assume an identity which makes them feel they impress. Yet, by copying general looks, people actually suppress their (5)_____________ (ORIGIN), leading to a conscious or subconscious (6)________________ (SUPPRESS) of their individuality.

At the same time fashion is perceived by some as a tool for success and one that denotes wealth or prestige. For instance, people (7)__________ (INTENTION) try to elevate their status by wearing famous brands or expensive clothes which are admired by others. These clothes are not actually giving a personal statement of the (8)___________ (WEAR) as they are just the means to promote a specific image of power and control. In this case, fashion does not express personal individuality but could perhaps be said to give a false (9)____________ (IMPRESS) of appearance for a specific purpose.

That being said, following fashion may not have anything to do with copying current trends but with using them as an inspiration to create outfits expressing individuality. An example of this is reforming fashionable pieces and making small (10)______________ (PERSONAL) changes. Adding glam here and there, rolling up a pair of trousers or even wearing two different shoes can be considered a form of self-expression demonstrating originality.

Having considered all this, to my way of thinking fashion can be used as a means of communication and a way to communicate your self-image to people around you. As a famous (11)___________ (DESIGN) once said, "Fashion is instant language." 

KEY

1. trendy

 

 

 

2. tailored

 

 

 

3. Arguably

 

 

 

4. appearance

 

 

 

5. originality

 

 

 

6. suppression

 

 

7. intentionally

 

 

 

8. wearer 

 

 

9. impression

 

 

10. personalised 

 

 

11. designer

Ready for C1 p 43. Raising Funds For Our Local Animal Shelter. Report. Word Formation

Task description

Over the last year your school has been raising money in support of a local charity. You have been asked to write a report for staff and students on the past year of fundraising activities for the charity.

In your report you should briefly describe the chosen charity and its aims, evaluate the overall success of the fundraising and explain which activities were the most successful.

Raising Funds For Our Local Animal Shelter.

Introduction

For the last year our college has been running its own charity events to raise funds for our local animal shelter. This report will remind students and staff about the aims of the charity chosen, and explain how successful the (1)______________ (PIONEER) initiative has been so far.

The charity

The charity chosen by the college is the local animal shelter. Its aims are not only to give abandoned pets the best possible care at the shelter, but also to find every pet a new home. They use donations for (2)_____________ (SUPPLY) and to employ staff to check that adopted pets are treated well and are happy.

Overall success

On the whole, the school's (3)______________ (FUND) efforts have been (4)___________ (EXTREME) successful. We raised $5000 in 12 months, which the charity told us represents 20% of their (5)_____________ (OVER) donations this year. They were (6)____________ (ELATION) and have sent us many pictures of (7)___________ (JOY) pets that have been adopted thanks to our hard work.

Most successful activities

Coffee mornings and the sports events were the activities which helped raise the majority of the (8)____________ (SUBSTANCE) amount mentioned above. In particular, the 'man's best friend' 5km race, where students, teachers and many (9)____________ (WILL) members of the public participated with their dogs, succeeded in promoting the shelter. (10)______________ (INTEREST), we are told that several adoptions took place the following week.

Conclusion

As can be seen in this report, the (11)______________ (CHARITY) events organised by the schools have been (12)____________ (REMARKABLE) successful on the whole. Moreover, the charity chosen is (13)______________ (IMMENSE) pleased to have the school's (14)_____________ (VALUE) help and we are not at all (15)_____________ (SATISFACTION) with how the funds raised are being used. 

KEY

1. pioneering

 

 

 

2. supplies

supplies: (pl) provisions: food, equipment. The things such as food, medicines, fuel, etc. that are needed by a group of people, for example an army or expedition. Sp. suministro. E.g. Our backpacks held all of our supplies for the 7-day hike. Sp. Nuestras mochilas contenían todos nuestros suministros para la excursión de siete días. 

3. fundraising

 

 

 

4. extremely

 

 

5. overall

overall: considering or including everything. Total. 

E.g.

The overall cost of the exhibition was £400,000.  

The overall result is an increase in population.  

An overall winner and a runner-up were chosen.  

We don’t want all the details now, just the overall picture.

6. elated

elated: extremely happy and excited, especially because of something that has happened or is going to happen. OPP depressed. 

E.g.  

He felt elated.

elated at/by  She was elated at the prospect of a holiday. 

7. joyful

 

 

 

8. substantial

 

 

 

9. willing 

10. Interestingly,

11. charitable

 

 

 

12. remarkably

 

 

 

13. immensely 

14.invaluable/ valuable

15. dissatisfied (not happy)

(unsatisfied: not dealt with/ not enough)

Ready for C1 p 38. Conditionals. Extra Key Word Transformations

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given.


Without this new diet, Henry would never have lost so much weight. it
Had ..................................................................... this new diet, Henry would never have lost so much weight.

Unless the plans change, we'll see you on the 19th . no
Provided ..................................................................the plans, we'll see you on the 19th.

If you applied now, there's a good chance you would get the job. apply
Were ........................................................................... , there's a good chance you would get the job.

I didn't know about your problem so I didn't offer to help, have
If I'd known about your problem, ...................................................................... to help.

It could get cold at night, so take some warm clothes, in
Take some warm clothes ...................................................................................... cold at night.

I'd love to travel the world if I didn't have to pay off my mortgage, having
Were ...................................................................................... to pay off my mortgage, I'd love to travel the world.

Ten years ago, people would have complained at seeing this film, seen
Had ..........................................................................................., they would have complained.

Drivers are allowed to park here if they display a local resident permit, condition

Drivers are allowed to park here ........................................................................ they display a local resident permit.



Sentences with KEY

1. 

Without this new diet, Henry would never have lost so much weight. it
Had ..................................................................... this new diet, Henry would never have lost so much weight.

KEY

 
 

it not been for



2. 

Unless the plans change, we'll see you on the 19th . no
Provided ..................................................................the plans, we'll see you on the 19th.

KEY

 

 

 

(that) there are no chages to



3. 

If you applied now, there's a good chance you would get the job. apply
Were ........................................................................... , there's a good chance you would get the job.

KEY

 

 

you to apply now



4. 

I didn't know about your problem so I didn't offer to help, have
If I'd known about your problem, ...................................................................... to help.

 

KEY

 

 

I would have offered



5. 

It could get cold at night, so take some warm clothes, in
Take some warm clothes ...................................................................................... cold at night.

 

KEY

 

in case it gets



6. 

I'd love to travel the world if I didn't have to pay off my mortgage, having
Were ...................................................................................... to pay off my mortgage, I'd love to travel the world.

KEY

 

 

it not for having



7. 

Ten years ago, people would have complained at seeing this film, seen
Had ..........................................................................................., they would have complained.

 

KEY

 

people seen this film ten years ago



8. 

Drivers are allowed to park here if they display a local resident permit, condition

Drivers are allowed to park here ........................................................................ they display a local resident permit.

 

KEY

 

on condition that

Ready for CAE p 46. Slopes at the Top of the World

SLOPES AT THE TOP OF THE WORLD


To master: to learn or understand sthg completely.

Hurdle: obstacle.

To pick: to choose.

Piste: a track of firm snow prepared for skiing on.

Well-groomed: clean, neat.

Drop: a distance down from a high point to a lower point.

Ranks: the members of a particular group or organisation.

On the whole: considering everything; in general.

Fairly: to some extent but not very.

To groom: to prepare, to look after. To prepare (a trail) for skiers, as by packing down new snow or levelling moguls.

Cool: calm, confident.

To cater for: to provide the things that a particular person or situation needs or wants.

Cable car: a vehicle that hangs from and is pulled by a moving cable and that carries passengers up and down a mountain.

Resort: a place where a lot of people go on holiday / vacation.

To branch off: to be joined to another road or river but lead in a different direction.

Steep: rising or falling quickly, not gradually.

Nasty: very unpleasant.

To cruise: to travel at a steady speed.

Reaches: the parts of an area or a place that are a long way from the centre. Tramos.

To tuck away: to be located in a quiet place, where not many people go.

Downhill: towards the bottom of a hill; in a direction that goes down.

Postbus: A small bus, van or similar vehicle, used for delivering mail and carrying passengers, especially in rural areas.
To try out: to test or use sby/sthg in order to see how good or effective they are.

Tricky: difficult to do or deal with.

T-bar: a machine which pulls two people up a mountain on skis together.

To put sby off: to make sby lose interest in or enthusiasm for sthg/sby.

Off piste: away from the tracks of firm snow that have been prepared for skiing on.

Chairlift: a series of chairs hanging from a moving cable, for carrying people up and down a mountain.

Must: something that you must do, see, buy, etc.

The lot: (informal) the whole number or amount of people or things.

Cornice: a decorative border around the top of the walls in a room or on the outside walls of a building.

Lip: a hollow place in the ground. The edge of an opening or cavity, as of a canyon.

Powder: loose, dry snow which has fallen recently

To fight your way through: to try very hard to get your way or to achieve sthg.

In terms of: used to show what aspect of a subject you are talking about or how you are thinking about it.

Crevasse: a deep open crack, especially in ice, for example in a glacier. Grieta (en un glaciar)

To lurk: when sthg unpleasant or dangerous lurks, it is present but not in an obvious way.

To tower: to be much higher or taller than the people or things that are near.

Jagged: with rough, pointed, often sharp edges. Irregular, recortado, con picos.

Serac: A large pointed mass of ice in a glacier isolated by intersecting crevasses.

Speechless: not able to speak, especially because you are extremely angry or surprised.

To queue up: to queue.

Sheer: used to emphasise the size, degree or amount of sthg.

To screen: to protect.

Safety net: a net placed underneath acrobats, etc. to catch them if they fall.

Close-up: a photograph, or picture in a film / movie, taken very close to sby/sthg so that it shows a lot of detail.

Imposing: impressive to look at; making a strong impression.

Moguls: a raised area of hard snow that you jump over when you are skiing.

To stop sby in their tracks: to suddenly make sby stop by frightening or surprising them; to suddenly stop because sthg has frightened or surprised you.

Ready for CAE p 44. The Perils of Pizza Making. Vocabulary

THE PERILS OF PIZZA MAKING


To turn out: to be discovered to be; to prove to be.

Topping: a layer of food that you put on top of a dish, cake, etc. to add flavour or to make it look nice.

Let alone: used after a statement to emphasise that because the first thing is not true or possible, the next thing cannot be true or possible either.

To toss: to shake or turn food in order to cover it with oil, butter, etc.

To roll out: to make sthg flat by pushing sthg over it

Rolling pin: a wooden or glass kitchen utensil (= a tool) in the shape of a tube, used for rolling pastry flat.

Dough: a mixture of flour, water, etc. that is made into bread and pastry.

Trainee: a person who is being taught how to do a particular job.

Sorry: [only before noun] very sad or bad, especially making you feel pity or disapproval.

To sigh: to take and then let out a long deep breath that can be heard, to show that you are disappointed, sad, tired, etc..

Craft: all the skills needed for a particular activity.

Craftsman: a skilled person, especially one who makes beautiful things by hand.

Stoker: a person whose job is to add coal or other fuel to a fire, etc., especially on a ship or a steam train.

Proceedings: [pl.] an event or a series of actions.

To struggle: to try very hard to do sthg when it is difficult or when there are a lot of problems.

Handful: the amount of sthg that can be held in one hand.

To press out: to make sthg flat or smooth by using force or putting sthg heavy on top.

Edge: the outside limit of an object, a surface or an area; the part furthest from the centre.

To twirl: to make sthg turn quickly and lightly round and round. To spin.

To shake off: to get rid of.

To toss: to throw sthg lightly or carelessly.

For show: intended to be seen but not used.

Disdainful: showing disdain, contemptuous, dismissive.

To scoop up: to move or lift sthg with a scoop or sthg like a scoop. Scoop: a tool like a large spoon with a deep bowl, used for picking up substances in powder form like flour, or for serving food like ice cream.

Snug: warm, comfortable and protected, especially from the cold. Cosy.

To pull sthg off: to remove.

To sow: to plant or spread seeds in or on the ground.

Seed: the small hard part produced by a plant, from which a new plant can grow.

Failure: lack of success in doing or achieving sthg.

To shower: to drop a lot of small things onto sby.

Crestfallen: sad and disappointed because you have failed and you did not expect to.

To step: to lift your foot and move it in a particular direction or put it on or in sthg; to move a short distance.

Paddle: a tool or part of a machine shaped like a paddle, especially one used for mixing food.

Baffled: confused.

To be on to sthg: to know about sthg or be in a situation that could lead to a good result for you.

To top: to put sthg on the top of sthg else.

Smear: an oily or dirty mark.

Crunchy: (especially of food) firm and crisp and making a sharp sound when you bite or crush it.

Crispy: pleasantly hard and dry.

Even: smooth, level and flat.

Overworked: too hard.

To amble: to walk at a slow relaxed speed.

To head for: to move in a particular direction.

Stage: phase.

Stickiness: the fact of being sticky. Sticky: made of or covered in a substance that sticks to things that touch it.

To slap: to hit sby/sthg with the flat part of your hand.

Chilled: very cold.

To take sthg in: to understand.

To go wrong: to experience problems or difficulties.

Breast: chest.

To plunge: to move or make sby/sthg move suddenly forwards and/or downwards.

Target: a result that you try to achieve.

Red-hot: so hot that it looks red.

Ready for CAE p 42. Fool if You Think It's over. Vocabulary

FOOL IF YOU THINK IT’S OVER


To sound out: to try to find out from sby what they think about sth, often in an indirect way.

Raw: in its natural state; not yet changed, used or made into sth else.

Tune: a series of musical notes that are sung or played in a particular order to form a piece of music.

To reappraise: to think again about the value or nature of sth to see if your opinion about it should be changed.

Afterthought: a thing that is thought of, said or added later, and is often not carefully planned.

Gushing: (disapproving) expressing so much enthusiasm, praise or emotion that it does not seem sincere.

To shave: to cut a small amount off a price, etc.

Daunting: intimidating.

Track: part of a tape or computer disk that music or information can be recorded on.

To release: to make sth available to the public.

Label: a company that produces and sells records, CDs, etc.

Throwaway comment: something you say quickly without careful thought, sometimes in order to be funny.

The final straw: the last in a series of bad events, etc. that makes it impossible for you to accept a situation any longer.

OUT OF the question: impossible or not allowed and therefore not worth discussing.

To reel off: to say or repeat sth quickly without having to stop or think about it.

To trap: [often passive] to keep sby in a dangerous place or bad situation that they want to get out of but cannot.

Along the lines: (informal) at some point during an activity or a process.

To bracket: to consider people or things to be similar or connected in some way.

Middle-of-the-road: not extreme; acceptable to most people. Moderate.

Compliant: (usually disapproving) too willing to agree with other people or to obey rules.

To wheel: to push or pull sth that has wheels.

Operating theatre: a room in a hospital used for medical operations.

To stamp: to print letters, words, a design, etc. onto sth using a special tool.

Moaning: to groan, to complain.

To plead: to beg.

Raucous: sounding loud and rough.

Stomp: (informal) to walk, dance, or move with heavy steps.

Setting: a set of surroundings; the place at which sthg happens.

Gravelly: (of a voice) deep and with a rough sound.

Slide: a part of a musical instrument or other device that slides backwards and forwards.

Bass drum: a large drum that makes a very low sound, used in orchestras.

Riff: a short repeated pattern of notes in popular music or jazz.

Unearthly: very strange; not natural and therefore frightening.

The blues: feelings of sadness.

Exchange: building.

To shudder: to shake because you are cold or frightened, or because of a strong feeling.

Upbeat: optimistic.

Catchy: (of music or the words of an advertisement) pleasing and easily remembered.

Ready for CAE p 41. Vocabulary

Open Cloze
Mildew: /ˈmɪldjuː/ a very small white fungus that grows on walls, plants, food, etc. in warm wet conditions. Moho.
Batch: a number of people or things that are dealt with as a group. Hornada, tanda, lote, pila, montón, grupo. E.g. Each summer a new batch of students tries to find work. He worked his way through the batch of letters on his desk. We deliver the goods in batches.

Ready for CAE p 40. Internet. Extra speaking

Ready for CAE Ss p 40. the INTERNET. Extra Speaking

Ready for CAE p 40. Word Formation. Vocabulary

Overtake: to become greater in number, amount or importance than sth else
SYN outstrip:
Nuclear energy may overtake oil as the main fuel. We mustn’t let ourselves be overtaken by our competitors.

Factual: basado en hechos. Based on or containing facts:
A factual account of events. Factual information. The essay contains a number of factual errors

Expertise /ˌekspɜːˈtiːz/ (in sth / in doing sth) expert knowledge or skill in a particular subject, activity or job:
professional / scientific / technical, etc. expertise. They have considerable expertise in dealing with oil spills. We have the expertise to help you run your business

Ready for CAE p 39. Vocabulary

Ex1
Stale: no longer fresh and therefore unpleasant to eat or smelling unpleasant. Pasado. E.g. stale cigarette smoke.
Brew: /bruː/ to make a hot drink of tea or coffee. E.g. freshly brewed coffee.
Sizzle: to make the sound of food frying in hot oil. E.g. sizzling sausages.
Acrid: / ˈækrɪd/ having a strong, bitter smell or taste that is unpleasant. Pungent. Acre, fuerte. E.g. acrid smoke from burning tyres. 
Rancid: /ˈrænsɪd/ if food containing fat is rancid, it tastes or smells unpleasant because it is no longer fresh. Rancio. E.g. rancid butter. Butter soon goes/turns (= becomes) rancid in this heat. There was a rancid smell coming from the kitchen.
Pungent: /ˈpʌndʒənt/ having a strong taste or smell. Olor acre. E.g. the pungent smell of burning rubber. The air was pungent with the smell of spices.

Ex 3
Faint: that cannot be clearly seen, heard or smelt. Débil. E.g. a faint smell of perfume.
Musty: smelling damp and unpleasant because of a lack of fresh air. Rancio. E.g. a musty room. A musty smell of old books. These clothes smell musty.  
Unmistakable: that cannot be mistaken for somebody/something else. Inconfundible. E.g. Her accent was unmistakable. The unmistakable sound of gunfire.
Overpowering: /ˌəʊvəˈpaʊərɪŋ/ very strong or powerful. Abrumador, opresor, opresivo, sofocante. E.g. an overpowering smell of fish. An overpowering personality. The heat was overpowering.
Sickly: that makes you feel sick, especially because it is too sweet. Empalagoso. E.g. a sickly sweet smell. 

Ex 4
Give off something: to produce something such as a smell, heat, light, etc. Desprender. E.g. The flowers gave off a fragrant perfume. The fire doesn't seem to be giving off much heat. 

Ready for CAE p 38. Scents and Sensitivity. Vocabulary to Describe Objects

Ready for CAE Ss p 38.Scents and Sensitivity.vocabulary to Describe Objects

Ready for CAE p 38. Scents and Sensitivity. Extra Speaking

Ready for CAE Ss p 38 the Senses. Extra Activity

Ready for CAE p 38. Scents and Sensibility. Vocabulary

SCENTS AND SENSITIVITY



To sniff: to smell something by taking air in through your nose.

Sentient: able to experience physical and possibly emotional feelings.

Anosmic: relating to an impairment or loss of the sense of smell; having impaired sense of smell.

To thrust: to push suddenly and strongly.
To recall: to remember.

On the grounds that: or the reason that.

Alas: interj. Used to express sorrow, regret, grief, compassion, or apprehension of danger or evil.

Beverage: a drink of any type.

To collapse: If someone collapses, they fall down because they are ill or Peak.

Hob: the top part or surface of a cooker on which pans can be heated.

Burner: the part of a cooker, light, etc. that produces flame or heat.

Aural: relating to hearing.

Leak: a hole or space through which a liquid or gas can flow out of a container, or the liquid or gas that comes out.

To blow up: to explode.

Bout: a short period of illness or involvement in an activity.

Best-before date: the day or month before which food or drink should be eaten or drunk.

Assiduously: showing hard work, care and attention to detail.

To treat: to behave towards someone or deal with something in a particular way.

Olfaction: the sense of smell. The act or process of smelling.

Backdrop: the general situation in which particular events happen.

To trigger: to cause something bad to start.

Rush: a sudden strong emotion or physical feeling.

Sickly: weak, unhealthy and often ill.

Ear, nose and throat: otolaryngology.

Consultant: a doctor who has special training in and knowledge of a particular area of medicine.

To soldier on: to persist in one’s efforts in spite of difficulties, pressure, etc.

To reminisce: to talk or write about past experiences which you remember with pleasure.

Challenged: Having a disability or impairment.

To attend: to happen as a result of, and at the same time as.

Blindness: inability to see.

Sour: having a sharp, sometimes unpleasant, taste or smell, like a lemon, and not sweet.

Nuance: a very slight difference in appearance, meaning, sound, etc.

Odour: a smell, often one that is unpleasant.

Body odour: an unpleasant smell on a person’s body that is caused by sweat.

Blockage: something that stops something else passing through, or when something does this.

Reluctant: not willing to do something and therefore slow to do it.

Fumes: strong, unpleasant and sometimes dangerous gas or smoke.

Varnish: a coloured liquid which is painted on fingernails or toenails.

Remover: a substance which removes something.

To pass on: to transmit.

Offspring: a person’s children.

Mugful: the quantity that can be held in a mug.

Season: to improve the flavour of savoury food by adding salt, herbs or spices when cooking or preparing it.

Ready for CAE p 36. Vocabulary

Ex 2
Herder: a person whose job is to take care of a group of animals such as sheep and cows in the countryside. E.g. goat herder. Reindeer herder.
Trusty: that you have had a long time and have always been able to rely on. Reliable. E.g. a trusty friend. She spent years touring Europe with her trusty old camera.
Cramped: a cramped room, etc. does not have enough space for the people in it. E.g. working in cramped conditions.
Play up/ play somebody up: to cause somebody problems or pain. E.g. The kids have been playing up all day. My shoulder is playing me up today. The kids couldn't run around, they'd start playing up, tempers would overheat, and everyone fell out.  
Temper: if somebody has a temper, they become angry very easily. E.g. a violent/short/quick, etc. temper. He must learn to control his temper. She broke the plates in a fit of temper. After an hour of waiting, tempers began to fray (= people began to get angry). 
Fall out: to have an argument with somebody so that you are no longer friendly with them.
Go about: to start working on something. Tackle. Emprender: E.g. You're not going about the job in the right way. How should I go about finding a job?
Down to earth: sensible and practical, in a way that is helpful and friendly.
Account: a written or spoken description of something that has happened. E.g. She gave the police a full account of the incident. The diaries contained detailed accounts of the writer's experiences in China.
Reluctant: hesitating before doing something because you do not want to do it or because you are not sure that it is the right thing to do. Reacio. E.g. She was reluctant to admit she was wrong.
Open up (to somebody): (British English also open out (to somebody)) to talk about what you feel and think; to become less shy and more willing to communicate. Abrirse, sincerarse. E.g. It helps to discuss your problems but I find it hard to open up. He only opened up to her very slowly.
Country bumpkin: a person from the countryside who seems stupid. Paleto.
Despise: to dislike and have no respect for somebody/something. Despreciar. E.g. She despised gossip in any form. He despised himself for being so cowardly.
Defiant: /dɪˈfaɪənt/ openly refusing to obey somebody/something, sometimes in an aggressive way. Desobediente, desafiante. E.g. a defiant teenager. The terrorists sent a defiant message to the government.
Prune: to cut off some of the branches from a tree, bush, etc. so that it will grow better and stronger. Podar. E:g. When should you prune apple trees? He pruned the longer branches off the tree. Prune something back: e.g. The hedge (seto) needs pruning back.
Cut sth back: to make a bush, etc. smaller by cutting branches off. Prune. E.g. to cut back a rose bush.
Moan: /məʊn/ to complain about something. E.g. What are you moaning on about now? They're always moaning and groaning about how much they have to do. Bella moaned that her feet were cold.
Influx: the fact of a lot of people, money or things arriving somewhere. Afluencia. E.g. a massive/sudden influx of visitors. The influx of wealth into the region.  
Buy something up: to buy all or as much as possible of something. E.g. Developers are buying up all the land on the island. They buy up land at giveaway prices.
Giveaway prices: low.  
Sell sth up: to sell your home, possessions, business, etc, usually because you are leaving the country or retiring.
Species: (sg=pl) /ˈspiːʃiːz/ a group into which animals, plants, etc. that are able to breed with each other and produce healthy young are divided, smaller than a genus and identified by a Latin name. E.g. a rare species of beetle. There are many species of dog(s). A conservation area for endangered species.
Die out: to stop existing. E.g. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
Be up to somebody: to be somebody's duty or responsibility; to be for somebody to decide. E.g. It's not up to you to tell me how to do my job. Shall we eat out or stay in? It's up to you.

Ready for CAE p 34. Report: TV Advertising. Writing

Watch the collection of TV adverts in the playlist above, then write a report for an international research company about the different kinds of TV adverts you can find. You should at least include:
- some of the positive and negative aspects of each type of TV advertising you have come across.
- say how effective these TV adverts are.
- suggest one or two changes which could be introduced to counter the negative aspects.

How to write a report

View more presentations from sergeiG

You will find samples of reports on pages 34 and 201 in Ready for CAE.

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Ready for cae ss p 34. reports

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Ready for CAE p 34. Vocabulary

Ex 2
Managerial: /ˌmænəˈdʒɪəriəl/  connected with the work of a manager. E.g.  Does she have any managerial experience? Managerial responsibilities (obligaciones directivas).
Ex 3
Imagery: /ˈɪmɪdʒəri/
1. language that produces pictures in the minds of people reading or listening. E.g. poetic imagery (imágenes poéticas)
2. pictures, photographs, etc. E.g. satellite imagery (= for example, photographs of the earth taken from space).
Knowledgeable (about something): /ˈnɒlɪdʒəbl/  knowing a lot. Well-informed. Instruido, informado. E.g. She is very knowledgeable about plants.
Buoyant: /ˈbɔɪənt/ tending to increase or stay at a high level, usually showing financial success. Boyante. E.g. a buoyant economy/market. Buoyant sales/prices. A buoyant demand for homes.
Strategically: /strəˈtiːdʒɪkəli/ E.g. a strategically placed microphone. A strategically important target.

Ready for CAE p 33. Vocabulary

A
Ex 1
Hurl: to throw something/somebody violently in a particular direction. Arrojar. E.g. He hurled a brick through the window. 
B
Ex 1
Casually: not showing much care or thought; seeming not to be worried; not wanting to show that something is important to you. E.g. ‘What did he say about me?’ she asked as casually as she could. They chatted casually on the phone. Dressed casually in jeans and T-shirt.
Ex 2
Waterproof: (usually plural: waterproofs) a piece of clothing made from material that does not let water through. E.g. You'll need waterproofs (= a waterproof jacket and trousers/pants). 
Practice
Ex 1

It’s a good job: I am pleased/lucky. Used to say that you are pleased about a situation or that somebody is lucky that something happened. E.g. It's a good job you were there to help.

Snap: Photo

Ready for CAE p 32. Royal Mail. Extra listening.

ROYAL MAIL



1. How many items of post have to be processed in Britain every day? How long should it take for every letter or parcel to reach its destination?

•
•

2. How much mail do Ned and his wife get?



3. How much time does Ned’s sister have for her birthday card to reach Ned?



4. How much postage did Ned’s sister have to pay?



5. Where do London’s postal workers have to take the mail they collect?



6. What increases the chance of the card not arriving at its destination in time?



7. How many letters have to be sorted every hour?



8. What helps the job of sorting all these letters?



9. Where does oversize mail go?



10. What is the task of the…

•phosphorus detector?


•high-resolution camera?


11. What do special staff look for in case there is no address on the envelope?



12. How will Ned’s card travel to Kerrera?



13. How does Kerrera’s local postman sort the mail?



14. Why is Ned confused when he gets his sister’s card?



GLOSSARY

AUTOMATED: operated by machines or computers.

CONVEYOR (BELT): a continuous moving strip or surface that is used for transporting a load of objects from one place to another. Cinta transportadora.

FIN: a thin vertical part sticking out of the body of especially a fish or an aircraft which helps balance and movement.

STATE-OF-THE-ART: very modern and using the most recent ideas and methods.

TO BE SNOWED UNDER: to have so much work that you have problems dealing with it all.

TO CULL: to select.

TO SNIFF OUT: to discover where something or someone is by smelling.

TO STACK: to arrange things in an ordered pile.

TO TICK AWAY: If time ticks away/by, it goes past.

TO WEED OUT: to get rid of unwanted things or people from a group.


KEY:
1. 84 million
24 hours
2. They don't get much post
3. 24 hours
4. 32 pence
5. Gatwick Mail Centre in the outskirts of London
6. Every delay
7.150.000
8. Automated system called integrated mail processing or IMP
9. Passes to another series of conveyers for manual sorting
10.a. To know which way a letter is pointing
b. to read the addresses and tell the IMP where to stack the letter
11. they open them to see if there are any clues inside
12. lorry, plane, van, ferry
13. Sack on road technology
14. It's not his birthday until next month

Related story:

The People's Post: A Narrative History of the Post Office

Ready for CAE p 31. Reading. Vocabulary

SMART SHOES DECIDE ON TELEVISION TIME



To work out: to do a calculation to get an answer to a mathematical question.

To warrant: to make a particular activity necessary.

To devise: to invent a plan, system, object, etc., usually cleverly or imaginatively.

To dub: to give something or someone a particular name, especially describing what you think of them.

Tiny: extremely small.

To record: to keep information for the future, by writing it down or storing it on a computer.

Wireless: a radio.

To deserve: to have earned or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have.

Exertion: effort.

To balloon: to get bigger and rounder.

Waistline: an imaginary line going round the narrowest part of your waist.

Current: of the present time.

Issues: a subject or problem which people are thinking and talking about.

To stand out: to be very noticeable.

To tackle: to try to deal with something or someone.

Allowance: an amount of something that you are allowed.

Further: more, additional.

Pedometer: a device which measures how far someone has walked by counting the number of times the feet are raised and put down again.

To clip: to fasten something with a clip. A clip: a small usually metal or plastic object used for fastening things together or holding them in position.

To keep count: to record how many of something there is, or how many time something has happened.

To be tricked into: to be deceived.



EXTRACT FROM A NEWSPAPER COLUMN



Regular: usual or ordinary.

Subtle: not loud, bright, noticeable or obvious in any way.

To go out of one’s way: to try very hard to do something, especially for someone else.

Market research: the collection and examination of information about things that people buy or might buy and their feelings about things that they have bought.

To CONDUCT a survey

On behalf of: representing; instead of.

Settlement: an arrangement to end a disagreement involving a law having been broken, without taking it to a court of law, or an amount of money paid as part of such an arrangement.

Claimant: a person who asks for something which they believe belongs to them or which they have a right to.

To pop: to move quickly and suddenly, especially from an enclosed space.

Claim: a statement that something is true or is a fact, although other people might not believe it.





JUNK





Unwittingly: without being aware of what you are doing or the situation that you are involved in. Sin ser consciente (de ello), sin darse cuenta.

Mockery: comments or actions that are intended to make sby/sthg seem ridiculous.

Endeavour: an attempt to do sthg, especially sthg new or difficult. Esfuerzo, empeño, intento.

Countless: very many; too many to be counted or mentioned.

Casual: not showing much care or thought; seeming not to be worried; not wanting to show that sthg is important to you.

To trample: to ignore sby’s feelings or rights and treat them as if they are not important.

Awesome: very impressive or very difficult and perhaps rather frightening.

To hurl: to throw sthg/sby violently in a particular direction.

To tear up: to destroy a document, etc. by tearing it into pieces.

Fir tree: an evergreen forest tree with leaves like needles, that grows in cool northern countries. Abeto.

Mill: a factory that produces a particular type of material.

To pulp: to crush or beat sthg so that it becomes soft and wet.

To weep-wept-wept: to cry.

To dismiss: to decide that sby/sthg is not important and not worth thinking or talking about.

To peruse: to read sthg, especially in a careful way. Perusal: noun. Examen.

Pointless: having no purpose; not worth doing.

Moorland: land that consists of moors. Moor: a high open area of land that is not used for farming, especially an area covered with rough grass and heather. Páramo.

To turn over to: to change the use or function of sthg.

Crop: a plant that is grown in large quantities, especially as food. the amount of grain, fruit, etc. that is grown in one season.

To wipe out: to destroy or remove sby/sthg completely.

To pray: to speak to God, especially to give thanks or ask for help.

Consumption: the act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used. Consumo.

Contemptuous: feeling or showing that you have no respect for sby/sthg.

Spindly: (informal, often disapproving) very long and thin and not strong. Largo y flaco; larguirucho.

Leggy: (informal) (especially of girls and women) having long legs. De piernas largas, zanquilargo.

Ready for C1 p 35. Information and Research. Speaking

The picture at the bottom is from The Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University

Interaction

1. How can we gather information? What different ways do we have to get information? Where can we obtain information from?

2. How many times in a typical week do you go on the internet? What kind of information do you want to access?

3. What are the different sections a library is divided into? How is the information stored?

4. Do you know of anyone who has ever tried to withhold information from you? Why? Do you agree with the following statement: “Information is power”?

5. In what ways can information be manipulated? Can you think of any instances of this?

Monologue

Student A

1. Do we, Spaniards, enjoy total freedom of information?

2. What kind of information can you get just by watching somebody? What does their posture / gestures / clothes / movement of the eyes, etc tell you about them? Is this kind of information accurate? How often have you been proved wrong?

3. Do you think it is vital to carry out extensive research into renewable energy sources?

Student B

1. What ground-breaking research needs to be conducted?

2. Have you heard about any recent pioneering research on something that has produced some interesting findings about anything?

3. Can inaccurate information and conspiracy theories be misleading or even dangerous?

Useful Language

- You can access information about a wide range of topics on the internet.
- Often websites and blogs publish information that…
- The local radio broadcasts information for the residents.

- The BBC broadcasts information from all around the world on various topics.

- You can gather information by copying and pasting text from a web site. Then you need to research the information you've collected. And finally, you have to organize relevant information in folders.
- I'm currently trying to compile information about the different kinds of…

- Students may also obtain information at the library.
- On the one hand, the World Wide Web offers information and data from all over the world. However, it is necessary to develop skills to evaluate what you find. On the other hand, when you use a research or academic library, the books, journals and other resources have already been evaluated by scholars, publishers and librarians. Inaccurate information can be misleading or even dangerous (health information for example).
- If we make a decision based on wrong or unreliable information,…
- Libraries provide information on a wide range of topics in various formats, such as books, both in standard or large print, audio tapes, online databases…Most public libraries also provide information on educational opportunities in the area as well as free internet access to members.

- Poor-quality or missing information can mislead you
- Sometimes people deliberately withhold information because it is embarrassing or because they aren't aware it is important.

- We are aware that the media, mainly the newspaper and television, may convey (communicate) misconstrued (misinterpreted) and biased information to many people  about many events.
- Misinformation can spread fast via social networks.
- We have relied on many newspapers and news sources for years to give us verifiable and non-biased information. These days though it seems…

- We enjoy freedom of information, of expression, and of participation, within a context of respect for pluralism.

- Appearances can be deceiving/deceptive.
- We must avoid misjudging others
- Although appearances can be deceiving, they can also be revealing.

Sample answer:

"Can inaccurate information and conspiracy theories be misleading or even dangerous?"

This is a fascinating question, and I think the answer is (1)______________ (DOUBT) yes. Inaccurate information and conspiracy theories can have a significant impact on both individuals and society as a whole. Let me explain why.

First of all, inaccurate information can lead people to make poor decisions. For instance, if someone believes false information about health, like a claim that vaccines are (2)____________ (HARM) without any scientific evidence, they might refuse vaccination. This not only puts their health at risk but can also (3)_______________ (DANGER) public health by reducing herd (4)_____________ (IMMUNE). We’ve seen examples of this during the COVID-19 pandemic when (5)_______________ (INFORM) spread (6)__________ (RAPID) online.

Conspiracy theories can be even more dangerous because they often create (7)____________ (TRUST) in important institutions, such as governments, scientists, or the media. For example, conspiracy theories about climate change being a hoax have delayed action on one of the most critical challenges of our time. When people (8)______________ (TRUST) credible sources of information, it becomes much harder to address global issues.

Moreover, conspiracy theories can lead to extreme behavior. In some cases, people act on these theories with (9)_________________ (DEVASTATION) consequences. For instance, the “Pizzagate” conspiracy theory in the United States led someone to bring a gun to a restaurant because they believed it was involved in a child trafficking ring. (10)_______________ (THANKS), no one was hurt, but it shows how dangerous such beliefs can become when taken (11)___________________ (SERIOUS).

One of the reasons fake news and conspiracy theories spread so easily is social media. Algorithms often (12)_______________ (PRIORITY) sensational content, which makes false claims more likely to reach a large audience. People might share these ideas without checking the facts, (13)_______________ (INTENTION) spreading harm.

To conclude, while some might argue that everyone has the right to their own opinion, it’s crucial to recognize that not all opinions are equally valid. Inaccurate information and conspiracy theories aren’t just misleading—they can lead to real harm. That’s why critical thinking and (14)_______________ (VERIFICATION) sources are more important than ever in today’s world.

KEY

1. undoubtedly

2. harmful

3. endanger

4. immunity

5. misinformation/disinformation

6. rapidly

7. mistrust/ distrust

8. distrust/mistrust

9. devastating

10. Thankfully

11. seriously

12. prioritize

13. unintentionally

14. verifying