Showing posts with label Concession. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Concession. Show all posts
Speakout Advanced p 72. Concession Clauses. Extra Key Word Transformations
1. Although she has no real problems, she's always complaining
YET
__________________________ she's always complaining
2. You're sometimes right. On the other hand, you're wrong some other times.
WHILE
___________________________ you're wrong some other times.
3. She is my friend but I don't really understand her.
EVEN
_____________________ I don't really understand her.
4. Although her opponents were strong, she won the match.
OF
Despite _____________________ her opponents, she won the match.
5. The trip was enjoyable even though the weather was bad.
OF
The trip was enjoyable __________________________.
6. I detest having to go to the city centre during the day for work. Nevertheless, it is worth it for the exquisite lunch I get.
AS
____________________________ go to the city centre during the day for work, it is worth it for the exquisite lunch I get.
7. My sister is very patient. However, I often lose my temper.
WHEREAS
______________________________I often lose my temper.
8. Your success was due to hard work. On the other hand, mine was due to good luck.
WHILST
Your success ______________________ mine was due to good luck.
9. So far, it's proved to be the best house I have come across. It is incredibly expensive though.
THOUGH
So far, it's proved to be the best house ______________________________ expensive.
10. Even though he is young, he has already mastered three foreign languages.
AS
______________________, he has already mastered three foreign languages.
11. I attempted to calm myself and rest, but the panic within me grew.
MUCH
_______________________________ myself and rest, the panic within me grew.
12. Although he tries, he will never be top of his class.
AS
______________________does , he will never be top of his class.
13. While I respect him very much, I can't agree with him on this occasion.
HOWEVER
_____________________________, I can't agree with him on this occasion.
14. He's not very reliable. Nevertheless, I like him.
SAME
He's not very reliable, but ________________________.
15. I know he has some bad habits. Nevertheless, you shouldn't be so rude to him.
SO
I know he has some bad habits. You shouldn't be so_________________________.
KEY
1. She has no real problems, yet she's always complaining
2. While you're sometimes right, you're wrong some other times.
3. Even though she is my friend, I don't really understand her.
4. Despite the strength of her opponents, she won the match.
5. The trip was enjoyable in spite of the (bad) weather.
6. Much as I detest having to go to the city centre during the day for work, it is worth it for the exquisite lunch I get.
7. My sister is very patient, whereas I often lose my temper. OR Whereas my sister is very patient, I often lose my temper.
8. Your success was due to hard work whilst mine was due to good luck.
9. So far, it's proved to be the best house I have come across, though incredibly expensive.
10. Young as he is, he has already mastered three foreign languages.
11. Much as I attempted to calm myself and rest, the panic within me grew.
12. Try as he does, he will never be top of his class.
13. However much I respect him, I can't agree with him on this occasion.
14. He's not very reliable, but I like him just/all the same.
15. I know he has some bad habits. You shouldn't be so rude to him, even so.
YET
__________________________ she's always complaining
2. You're sometimes right. On the other hand, you're wrong some other times.
WHILE
___________________________ you're wrong some other times.
3. She is my friend but I don't really understand her.
EVEN
_____________________ I don't really understand her.
4. Although her opponents were strong, she won the match.
OF
Despite _____________________ her opponents, she won the match.
5. The trip was enjoyable even though the weather was bad.
OF
The trip was enjoyable __________________________.
6. I detest having to go to the city centre during the day for work. Nevertheless, it is worth it for the exquisite lunch I get.
AS
____________________________ go to the city centre during the day for work, it is worth it for the exquisite lunch I get.
7. My sister is very patient. However, I often lose my temper.
WHEREAS
______________________________I often lose my temper.
8. Your success was due to hard work. On the other hand, mine was due to good luck.
WHILST
Your success ______________________ mine was due to good luck.
9. So far, it's proved to be the best house I have come across. It is incredibly expensive though.
THOUGH
So far, it's proved to be the best house ______________________________ expensive.
10. Even though he is young, he has already mastered three foreign languages.
AS
______________________, he has already mastered three foreign languages.
11. I attempted to calm myself and rest, but the panic within me grew.
MUCH
_______________________________ myself and rest, the panic within me grew.
12. Although he tries, he will never be top of his class.
AS
______________________does , he will never be top of his class.
13. While I respect him very much, I can't agree with him on this occasion.
HOWEVER
_____________________________, I can't agree with him on this occasion.
14. He's not very reliable. Nevertheless, I like him.
SAME
He's not very reliable, but ________________________.
15. I know he has some bad habits. Nevertheless, you shouldn't be so rude to him.
SO
I know he has some bad habits. You shouldn't be so_________________________.
KEY
1. She has no real problems, yet she's always complaining
2. While you're sometimes right, you're wrong some other times.
3. Even though she is my friend, I don't really understand her.
4. Despite the strength of her opponents, she won the match.
5. The trip was enjoyable in spite of the (bad) weather.
6. Much as I detest having to go to the city centre during the day for work, it is worth it for the exquisite lunch I get.
7. My sister is very patient, whereas I often lose my temper. OR Whereas my sister is very patient, I often lose my temper.
8. Your success was due to hard work whilst mine was due to good luck.
9. So far, it's proved to be the best house I have come across, though incredibly expensive.
10. Young as he is, he has already mastered three foreign languages.
11. Much as I attempted to calm myself and rest, the panic within me grew.
12. Try as he does, he will never be top of his class.
13. However much I respect him, I can't agree with him on this occasion.
14. He's not very reliable, but I like him just/all the same.
15. I know he has some bad habits. You shouldn't be so rude to him, even so.
Speakout Advanced p 72. Concession Clauses. Extra Grammar
Concessive clause
A concessive clause is a
clause which expresses an idea that suggests the opposite of the main part of
the sentence.
Although, even though,
though:
Study these examples:
He had enough money.
He refused to buy a new car.
He refused to buy a new car.
The above two statements can be combined
as follows:
Although Though
Even though |
he had enough money,
|
he refused to buy a new car
|
OR
He refused to buy a new car
|
although
though
even though |
he had enough money.
|
Structure:
Although, though and even though introduce concessive clauses.
Although
/even though
|
subject
|
verb
|
Examples:
Although it was raining, he
walked to the station.
Even though she is very old, she runs fast.
Even though she is very old, she runs fast.
John put on sun cream. She still got burnt, though.
Despite / in spite of:
Despite and in
spite of do not introduce a concessive clause. They are rather
followed by a noun or a verb+ing form.
Study this example:
He had enough money.
He refused to buy a new car.
He refused to buy a new car.
The above two statements can be combined
as follows :
Despite
In spite of |
all his money,
|
he refused to buy a new car.
|
having enough money,
|
OR
He refused to buy a new car
|
despite
in spite of |
all his money.
|
having enough money.
|
Structure
Despite / in spite
of
|
+ a noun,
|
+ verb + ing.
|
Examples:
Despite /in spite of the rain, he walked to the station.
Despite /in spite of being tired, he walked to the station.
Despite /in spite of being tired, he walked to the station.
However despite the fact that/ in spite of the fact that introduce a
concessive clause.
In spite of the fact/ Despite the fact that we had no ID on us, the
porter let us in.
Notwithstanding
Notwithstanding is a synonym of despite or in spite of something, and so we use it to indicate an aspect of contrast.
E.g.
Notwithstanding
Notwithstanding is a synonym of despite or in spite of something, and so we use it to indicate an aspect of contrast.
E.g.
- Notwithstanding the bad weather, we had a picnic at the beach.
- Notwithstanding the fact that he was very unwell, David came first in the Maths exam.
- Notwithstanding the global financial crisis, China's economy continues to grow at an impressive rate.
- Notwithstanding his youth, Picasso's early pictures were technically accomplished and mature in perspective.
- Notwithstanding the brevity of my answer, it is to be hoped that your understanding is clearer now.
- The bad weather notwithstanding, the event was a great success.
However
Use however at the beginning of a second sentence
E.g. Her job is hard. However, her salary is low.
While / whereas / whilst:
Use however at the beginning of a second sentence
E.g. Her job is hard. However, her salary is low.
While / whereas / whilst:
While,
whereas and whilst (formal) can mean although. The while/ whereas/ whilst clause
can come before or after the main clause. One more example:
While/Whereas/whilst my
father is strong and tall, I am short and weak.
While can be used before a statement that is true but is not as important as the statement that follows: E.g. While I understand your problem, there is nothing I can do to help you.
Much as:
Much as:
Much as also means although
and it is used with verbs for like and hate to talk about strong feelings.
Much as I like James as a friend, I
could never date him.
Much as it pains me to say this, we'll have to cancel the trip.
Yet:
Yet is used in formal contexts. We do not start a statement with yet.
These exclusive villas are only a five-minute walk from the resort, yet they are a haven of peace and tranquillity.
We can use though/ even though with an adjective instead of a clause:
The necklace, even though (it was) staggeringly expensive, would match the dress perfectly.
Though exhausted after the drive home, Shelley cooked a meal for them all
Adjective/adverb + as/though + subject + verb clause:
It is used for emphatic sentences.
Hard as he
tried, he didn’t
pass the exam.
Young though he is, he
occupies a responsible position in the firm.
Difficult though it was, we eventually secured the premises.
Good as he is, he will never be top of the class.
Much+ as + subject + verb clause:
Much as he tried, he couldn't put up with the pain.
Verb+ as + subject + auxiliary/ modal:
Try as he does/ will/ may/ might, he will never...
However/whatever/wherever, etc.:
It expresses the idea of ‘no matter what/who/where’,
etc.
Whatever: no matter what
Whoever: no matter who
Whatever I say, she
says the opposite.
Whatever caused the accident, it was not a broken bottle.
Whatever he says, I'm going away
Whoever was responsible, it was not the poor pedestrian.
However he tries, he will never...
Whenever it happened, it was certainly not yesterday.
Wherever you met her, it was not in my house.
However + adjective/ much/many
It is also possible to use however + adjective/ much/ many
However exhausted she felt after the drive home, Shelley cooked a meal for them all.
We've got to get these plans approved, however difficult it may be. (Though it may be difficult)
You won't change my mind, however much you argue!
We can use adverbs and adverbial phrases to introduce contrast:
We were exhausted but we carried on all the same.
We were exhausted. Nevertheless, we carried on.
Even so
Even so: despite that
Even so is a prepositional phrase that can be used in a similar fashion to introduce a fact that is surprising in the context of what has been said before. It connects ideas between clauses or sentences:
Even so
Even so: despite that
Even so is a prepositional phrase that can be used in a similar fashion to introduce a fact that is surprising in the context of what has been said before. It connects ideas between clauses or sentences:
I know her English isn't very good, but even so I can understand her.
It rained, but even so we enjoyed the day.
The evidence was only circumstantial. Even so, he was convicted and spent ten years in prison for a crime that he perhaps did not commit.
There are a lot of spelling mistakes; even so, it's quite a good essay.
There are a lot of spelling mistakes. It's quite a good essay, even so.
Even though/ Even if
Even though/ Even if are not interchangeable. The meaning changes.
Even though describes a real situation. It means "despite the fact that" and is a more emphatic version of though and although.
Even if describes an unreal situation. It means "whether or not" and has to do with the conditions that may apply.
It rained, but even so we enjoyed the day.
The evidence was only circumstantial. Even so, he was convicted and spent ten years in prison for a crime that he perhaps did not commit.
There are a lot of spelling mistakes; even so, it's quite a good essay.
There are a lot of spelling mistakes. It's quite a good essay, even so.
Even though/ Even if
Even though/ Even if are not interchangeable. The meaning changes.
Even though describes a real situation. It means "despite the fact that" and is a more emphatic version of though and although.
Even if describes an unreal situation. It means "whether or not" and has to do with the conditions that may apply.
Even if I leave now, I’ll be too late. (Even if: "whether or not" / "no matter whether" / "just supposing" ).
Compare the following:
Even if I had two hours to spare for shopping, I wouldn't go out and buy a suit.
Even though I had two hours to spare for shopping, I couldn't find the suit I wanted.
The first example describes an unreal situation where we could substitute 'just supposing' for even if and say: just supposing I had two hours to spare for shopping, I still wouldn't go out and buy a suit.
The second example describes a real situation where the shopper spent two hours looking for a particular kind of suit, but couldn't find it. When we attach even to though in this way, we are in effect saying: you may find this surprising but...!
Compare the following pairs of sentences:
Even though he lost his job as Arts Minister, he continued to serve in the government.
Even if he loses his job as Arts Minister, I think he'll continue to serve in the government.
Even though the injury was serious, she decided to carry on playing. It was an important match.
I know she'll want to carry on playing, even if she gets injured. It's an important match.
Even though I've cleaned it and polished it, it still doesn't look new.
Even if I clean and polish it, it still won't look new.
Related stories:
Conjunctions: contrasting
Compare the following:
Even if I had two hours to spare for shopping, I wouldn't go out and buy a suit.
Even though I had two hours to spare for shopping, I couldn't find the suit I wanted.
The first example describes an unreal situation where we could substitute 'just supposing' for even if and say: just supposing I had two hours to spare for shopping, I still wouldn't go out and buy a suit.
The second example describes a real situation where the shopper spent two hours looking for a particular kind of suit, but couldn't find it. When we attach even to though in this way, we are in effect saying: you may find this surprising but...!
Compare the following pairs of sentences:
Even though he lost his job as Arts Minister, he continued to serve in the government.
Even if he loses his job as Arts Minister, I think he'll continue to serve in the government.
Even though the injury was serious, she decided to carry on playing. It was an important match.
I know she'll want to carry on playing, even if she gets injured. It's an important match.
Even though I've cleaned it and polished it, it still doesn't look new.
Even if I clean and polish it, it still won't look new.
Related stories:
Conjunctions: contrasting
Speakout Advanced p 72. Keys and Vocabulary
Ex 5A
KEY
1 While
2 Although
Though
3 Difficult though it may be
(Strange as it may seem)
4 Whichever
5 In spite of
6 Despite
7 Whilst
Ex 5C
KEY
In each case, the concession clause is the clause which is introduced by the phrase in italics. The other clause is the main clause.
Ex 5D
KEY
1 a comma
2 the concession clause
3 Despite, In spite of
p 139
Ex 1
KEY
1 whereas
2 as
3 matter
4 whenever
5 despite
6 spite
7 however (no matter how)
8 although
Ex 2
KEY
1 Despite knowing that it's bad for me, I spend too much time on the Internet.
2 Even though she is nearly ninety-six years old, my grandmother is still fully independent.
3 He's an excellent manager, although he can be a bit scary to work for.
4 Hard as they tried, they couldn't persuade him to give up his work.
5 Whilst I understand how difficult the situation is, I'm afraid I can't help.
6 He's very charming. However, I wouldn't trust him at all.
Ex 6A
KEY
2 I spend a lot of time studying grammar, I still make mistakes, though.
Though I spend a lot of time studying grammar, I still make mistakes.
3 Difficult though it may be, I always try to believe what people tell me.
4 However you look at it, technology is changing education.
5 While I agree that English is important, I think students need to learn several languages.
6 Strange as it may seem, I find it hard to remember facts and figures.
7 Despite the fact that I enjoy travelling, I don't get the opportunity very often.
8 Learning a language is difficult, whichever method you choose.
Ex 7A
hard to come by
come by: manage to acquire or obtain (something). E.g. the remoteness of the region makes accurate information hard to come by. Jobs are hard to come by these days.
KEY
1 While
2 Although
Though
3 Difficult though it may be
(Strange as it may seem)
4 Whichever
5 In spite of
6 Despite
7 Whilst
Ex 5C
KEY
In each case, the concession clause is the clause which is introduced by the phrase in italics. The other clause is the main clause.
Ex 5D
KEY
1 a comma
2 the concession clause
3 Despite, In spite of
p 139
Ex 1
KEY
1 whereas
2 as
3 matter
4 whenever
5 despite
6 spite
7 however (no matter how)
8 although
Ex 2
KEY
1 Despite knowing that it's bad for me, I spend too much time on the Internet.
2 Even though she is nearly ninety-six years old, my grandmother is still fully independent.
3 He's an excellent manager, although he can be a bit scary to work for.
4 Hard as they tried, they couldn't persuade him to give up his work.
5 Whilst I understand how difficult the situation is, I'm afraid I can't help.
6 He's very charming. However, I wouldn't trust him at all.
Ex 6A
KEY
2 I spend a lot of time studying grammar, I still make mistakes, though.
Though I spend a lot of time studying grammar, I still make mistakes.
3 Difficult though it may be, I always try to believe what people tell me.
4 However you look at it, technology is changing education.
5 While I agree that English is important, I think students need to learn several languages.
6 Strange as it may seem, I find it hard to remember facts and figures.
7 Despite the fact that I enjoy travelling, I don't get the opportunity very often.
8 Learning a language is difficult, whichever method you choose.
Ex 7A
hard to come by
come by: manage to acquire or obtain (something). E.g. the remoteness of the region makes accurate information hard to come by. Jobs are hard to come by these days.
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