Showing posts with label Open World U03. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Open World U03. Show all posts

Open World p 53. Dialogues Related to Money. Sentence Completion. Listening

1. The customer would like to open a _________/ ____________ with his partner, who _______ elsewhere.

2. The teller needs to see some proof of __________ for both of them.

3. The customer would like to know how __________/ ___________ works.

4. The customer will need a _________/ _________ to make payments by bank transfer. 

5. The teller says that it will be easy to manage their ____________ online.

6. A ____________ / ___________ is always the same amount, in contrast, a _________ / ________ can be changed by the recipient. 

7. So that the customer can get a ____________, the shop assistant needs to see the ____________. 

8. The customer cannot have the money back because the boots were in the sale. However, she can get a

___________ / _________ instead. 

9. Dominique needs to borrow some money off Pete because she is _________ / ________ . 

10. Pete cannot ___________ her out because he is _________ / ________ / _______ himself at the moment, __________ / ____________ the course fees being due next month.

11. Pete is pretty much living _______________ until the end of the semester.  

12. Dominique ____________ / ____________ the money she had put aside for the tuition fees.

13. Dominique has ____________ / _________ her credit card, so she can’t use it to get her out of jail.

14. Pete suggests extending her _________. 

15. Pete tells Dominique that she'd better __________ / _______ / _________ reality.

16. According to Pete, it's about time Dominique paid her ________ / _________ because she has ________ / _______ the whole family long enough. 

 

 

KEY

1. joint account

 

 

banks 



2. identity

 

 

3. online banking 



4. card reader

 

 

 

5. payees

payee: a person that money is paid to

 

 

 

 

6. standing order

standing order: an instruction that you give to your bank to pay somebody a fixed amount of money from your account on the same day each week/month, etc.     

E.g.

to set up a standing order    

to pay by standing order

 

direct debit

direct debit: an instruction to your bank to allow somebody else to take an amount of money from your account on a particular date, especially to pay bills.

E.g.
We pay all our bills by direct debit.

 



7. refund

 

 

receipt 



8.  credit note 



credit note: a letter that a shop gives you when you have returned something and that allows you to have goods of the same value in exchange.

E.g.
If damaged items have to be returned, the manufacturer may issue a credit note.

 



9. flat broke

flat broke: not having any money at all
E.g. I'm flat broke.






10. bail/ bale

bail/ bale somebody out (of something)  ​to rescue somebody from a difficult situation.

E.g.

The government had to bail the company out of financial difficulty




barely getting by

 

 

 

what with

 

 

11.  hand-to-mouth

 

 

12. dipped into

dip into: to take an amount from money that you have saved.

E.g.
We took out a loan for the car because we didn't want to dip into our savings.

 

 

13. maxed out

max out: to reach, or make something reach, the limit at which nothing more is possible.

E.g.

The car maxed out at 150 mph.     

I maxed out all my credit cards (= reached the spending limit on each one). 




14. overdraft

the amount of money that you owe to a bank when you have spent more money than is in your bank account; an arrangement that allows you to do this.

E.g.

She had run up an overdraft of £3 000.     

to pay off/clear an overdraft     

The savings account has no overdraft facility.

 

 

15. face up to

face up to: to accept and deal with something that is difficult or unpleasant. Sp. enfrentar, confrontar.

E.g.

She had to face up to the fact that she would never walk again.     

You have to face up to your responsibilities. 

 

 

16. own way


pay your way
​to pay for everything yourself without having to rely on anyone else’s money. 

E.g.

Sofia worked to pay her way through college




sponged off

 

sponge (off/on somebody) /spʌndʒ/ (informal, disapproving) to get money, food, etc. regularly from other people without doing anything for them or offering to pay.

E.g.

He spent his life sponging off his relatives.









SCRIPT

 

Track 024

Conversation 1

Customer: Hi I’m interested in opening a joint account with my partner. Could you tell us what we need to do?

Teller: Sure. Are either of you already customers?

Customer: Yes, I have my current account with you but my partner banks elsewhere.

Teller: That’s fine. We just need to see some proof of identity for both of you. Either a passport or driving licence with a photo on. You’ll need to deposit at least £20 initially.

Customer: No problem. And can you explain a little bit about how your online banking works?

Teller: Yes, it’s really easy. We will send you each a card reader along with your debit cards within five working days. You’ll need your card reader to make payments by bank transfer.

And it’s easy to manage your payees online. Once you have set up a payee, you won’t need to do so again for future transactions.

Customer: But what about security?

Teller: You’ll have a password and you’ll set up security questions with secret answers to protect your account. Once you’re in your account, you can set up, cancel or change standing orders and direct debits.

Customer: Sorry, what’s the difference between a standing order and a direct debit? I thought they were the same?

Teller: Well, they’re very similar. A standing order is always the same amount, whereas a direct debit can be changed by the recipient.

So, for example, electricity bills will be different every month, so would be paid by direct debit, whereas something like a club membership will be the same every time.

Customer: Oh, I see. So, shall we fill in the forms now …

Conversation 2

Customer: Hi. I bought these boots online and they don’t fit very well.

I was planning to exchange them, but I’ve just had a look and the next size up is not available. Could I get a refund, please?

Shop assistant: Can I see your receipt please?

Unfortunately, we can’t give a refund on these items because they were in the sale. We can give you a credit note instead.

Customer: Sorry, what’s a credit note?

Shop assistant: It means you can replace the boots with anything in the shop up to the amount you paid for them, which was, er … £36.50.

Customer: What if I can’t find anything I want?

Shop assistant: The credit note is valid for up to six months from today.

Customer: Oh, that sounds OK then. I’ll have a look around and if I can’t find anything, I’ll come back in a few weeks.

Conversation 3

Dominique: Pete, I need to borrow some money off you. I am flat broke.

Pete: Sorry, Dominique, but this time I cannot bail you out.

I’m barely getting by myself at the moment, what with the course fees being due next month.

I can just about afford to pay those but then I am pretty much living hand-to-mouth until the end of the semester.

Dominique: Then I’m in even deeper trouble. I dipped into the money I put aside for the tuition fees, just to get by, and now I don’t know where I’m going to find the money.

I can’t ask Mum and Dad for anything as they have already given us both more than they can afford. And I have maxed out my credit card, so I can’t use that to get me out of jail.

Pete: Have you spoken to the bank about extending your overdraft?

Dominique: No, not yet. I am reluctant to get into more debt.

Pete: I don’t think you have a choice here – it’s that or be expelled from the course.

If you are worried about the debt, perhaps you should consider a part-time job, you know, in a bar or restaurant somewhere.

They’re advertising for someone to work Saturdays in that clothes shop in town, the one next to our favourite coffee shop.

Dominique: But that would mean losing my Saturdays.

Pete: I know, but you have to face up to reality.

Sooner or later you are going to have to pay your own way. You have sponged off me and Mum and Dad long enough.  


Vocabulary

These goods are on sale = for sale = these goods are available for purchase.
These goods are in the sale = these goods are included in the cut-price offer.

Ready for C1 p 43. Raising Funds For Our Local Animal Shelter. Report. Word Formation

Task description

Over the last year your school has been raising money in support of a local charity. You have been asked to write a report for staff and students on the past year of fundraising activities for the charity.

In your report you should briefly describe the chosen charity and its aims, evaluate the overall success of the fundraising and explain which activities were the most successful.

Raising Funds For Our Local Animal Shelter.

Introduction

For the last year our college has been running its own charity events to raise funds for our local animal shelter. This report will remind students and staff about the aims of the charity chosen, and explain how successful the (1)______________ (PIONEER) initiative has been so far.

The charity

The charity chosen by the college is the local animal shelter. Its aims are not only to give abandoned pets the best possible care at the shelter, but also to find every pet a new home. They use donations for (2)_____________ (SUPPLY) and to employ staff to check that adopted pets are treated well and are happy.

Overall success

On the whole, the school's (3)______________ (FUND) efforts have been (4)___________ (EXTREME) successful. We raised $5000 in 12 months, which the charity told us represents 20% of their (5)_____________ (OVER) donations this year. They were (6)____________ (ELATION) and have sent us many pictures of (7)___________ (JOY) pets that have been adopted thanks to our hard work.

Most successful activities

Coffee mornings and the sports events were the activities which helped raise the majority of the (8)____________ (SUBSTANCE) amount mentioned above. In particular, the 'man's best friend' 5km race, where students, teachers and many (9)____________ (WILL) members of the public participated with their dogs, succeeded in promoting the shelter. (10)______________ (INTEREST), we are told that several adoptions took place the following week.

Conclusion

As can be seen in this report, the (11)______________ (CHARITY) events organised by the schools have been (12)____________ (REMARKABLE) successful on the whole. Moreover, the charity chosen is (13)______________ (IMMENSE) pleased to have the school's (14)_____________ (VALUE) help and we are not at all (15)_____________ (SATISFACTION) with how the funds raised are being used. 


KEY


1. pioneering

 

 

 

2. supplies

supplies: (pl) provisions: food, equipment. The things such as food, medicines, fuel, etc. that are needed by a group of people, for example an army or expedition. Sp. suministro. E.g. Our backpacks held all of our supplies for the 7-day hike. Sp. Nuestras mochilas contenían todos nuestros suministros para la excursión de siete días. 



3. fundraising

 

 

 

4. extremely

 

 

5. overall

overall: considering or including everything. Total. 

E.g.

The overall cost of the exhibition was £400,000.  

The overall result is an increase in population.  

An overall winner and a runner-up were chosen.  

We don’t want all the details now, just the overall picture.



6. elated

elated: extremely happy and excited, especially because of something that has happened or is going to happen. OPP depressed. 

E.g.  

He felt elated.

elated at/by  She was elated at the prospect of a holiday. 



7. joyful

 

 

 

8. substantial

 

 

 

9. willing 




10. Interestingly,




11. charitable

 

 

 

12. remarkably

 

 

 

13. immensely 



14.invaluable/ valuable




15. dissatisfied (not happy)

(unsatisfied: not dealt with/ not enough)

Open World p 50. Events and Services Related to Money. Listening. Sentence Selection

 

1. A gaming tournament held in Michigan is near the speaker's home.

2. Children are allowed to drive go-karts in their hospital rooms.

3. According to the speaker, the sooner children learn about economics, the better. 

4. Car boot sales have lost popularity with the advent of reselling apps and websites.

5. Not only did the organisers of a free business seminar make money from it but they also managed to make themselves known.

6. Loyalty cards is a gimmick companies use to collect useful data about shopping habits

 

 

KEY

 

 

1. F  (that’s right up my street anyway)

(right) up your street (also (right) up your alley)

(informal) very suitable for you because it is something that you know a lot about or are very interested in. 

E.g. A teaching job would be right up her alley.

 

 

2. F (These are robust gaming systems with the latest software that can be wheeled into a patient’s room) (https://youtu.be/qm_n8-BLo2w




3. F (To my mind, kids should be kids. They have plenty of time to learn about all that when they’re older.)

 

 

4. F (Or so I thought.)

 

 

5. T (Over the day, the organisers definitely weren’t out of pocket, and had certainly achieved their aim of getting themselves into the public eye.) 

 

 

6. T (The information they gain through the use of loyalty cards affords them major strategic and financial advantages.)

 

SCRIPT

Track 023
Speaker 1: Have you ever heard of Gamers for Giving? It’s a gaming tournament held in Michigan, which founder Zach Wigal describes as a ‘celebration of gaming culture’.

Well, that’s right up my street anyway, but to make it 100 times more worthwhile, the proceeds of around half a million dollars go to Gamers Outreach, who place ‘Gaming Go-Karts’ in Children’s hospitals.

These are robust gaming systems with the latest software that can be wheeled into a patient’s room to give access to what Wigal calls ‘recreation therapy’.

Volunteers act as digital activity managers, distributing games, solving technical issues and even playing with the kids. Sounds like the perfect excuse to have some fun!

Speaker 2: Apparently, these days there’s a drive to start ‘money management’ skills earlier and earlier.

I don’t think we ever thought about money management when I was a kid, apart from which sweets to buy with our pocket money, but this organisation called Coalition for Personal Economic Literacy has set up so-called ‘standards in economic education’ for children from kindergarten upwards.

According to them, a fourth grader should be able to understand how basic pay and tax deductions work. By the age of 12, they are supposed to understand about government benefits and earned versus unearned income.

To my mind, kids should be kids. They have plenty of time to learn about all that when they’re older.

Speaker 3: It seems unlikely in these days of digital reselling that people still get up early on a Saturday morning to go to a muddy field or car park to rummage through stuff other people are throwing out. Or so I thought.

They do say ‘one man’s trash is another man’s treasure’ and this seems to apply perfectly to car boot sales. There’s something in the atmosphere which sets them apart from other shopping experiences.

There’s always the remote but thrilling chance that you might find the bargain of a lifetime.

I love the amateur entrepreneurship and good-natured haggling at these events. It’s fascinating to see what other people are selling – and buying.

Speaker 4: Recently I attended a free business seminar. While I was registering for it I was asking myself how on earth the organisers could put on such an event without charging for admission.

I mean, surely they’d have to rent the venue and pay the speakers? What was the point?

I attended the event with that question in mind and I soon had it answered.

There were lots of paid extras on offer, such as virtual reality experiences and consultations with experts. There was even a photo booth that let you share pictures of yourself on social media.

Over the day, the organisers definitely weren’t out of pocket, and had certainly achieved their aim of getting themselves into the public eye.

Speaker 5: I have so many loyalty cards for different stores it’s getting out of hand. To be honest, I can’t keep track of them and don’t even know how they all work.

So, I was interested to read an article about how research has shown that the savings for the customer are barely worth the effort of getting these cards.

For example, you would have to shop in a particular supermarket every week for two years to get a free weekly shop.

The ones that actually benefit from these schemes are the companies that operate them. The information they gain through the use of loyalty cards affords them major strategic and financial advantages.

Given all this, I don’t think I’ll bother with them anymore.


Vocabulary:

drive: an effort to achieve something, especially an effort by an organization for a particular purpose.

E.g.

a recruitment drive for new members  

an economy drive (=effort to reduce spending)

drive to do something  a nationwide drive to crack down on crime


rummage: /ˈrʌmɪdʒ/ + adv./ prep. to move things around carelessly while searching for something. Sp. buscar revolviéndolo todo.

E.g.
She was rummaging around in her bag for her keys.
I rummaged through the contents of the box until I found the book I wanted.

 

put on: produce or present a play, a show, etc.

E.g. The local drama club is putting on ‘Macbeth’. 


keep/lose track of somebody/something      ​to have/not have information about what is happening or where somebody/something is. Sp. mantenerse al tanto,  llevar la cuenta.

E.g.

Bank statements help you keep track of where your money is going.         

I lost all track of time (= forgot what time it was).

Open World p 49. Cryptocurrencies. Listening

1.  Bruno asks Alice if she can give him a _____________ of what cryptocurrencies are.

2. Cryptocurrencies are __________________ digital currencies without a central bank.

3. Bitcoin is controlled by the users cutting out the ___________/ __________. 

4.  When paying for something, you will receive a Bitcoin address. You then have to add the ____________ to the network. 

5. The blockchain is a type of electronic _____________, or record book. 

6. Bitcoin cannot be ______________ or hacked. 

7. Another big disadvantage of Bitcoin is its _____________. 

8. Cryptocurrencies could _____________ the world of finance in the same way that email and social media have changed how we communicate.

KEY

1. breakdown

breakdown: a list of all the separate parts of something. Sp. desglose. E.g.  First, let's look at a breakdown of the costs.     Please provide us with a breakdown of expenditure by department. 



2. decentralised

 

 

3. middle man

 

 

 

4. transaction

 

 

 

5. ledger



ledger: a book or electronic document in which a bank, a business, etc. records the money it has paid and received. Sp. libro de contabilidad

E.g.
to enter figures in the purchase/sales ledger

 


6. counterfeited 

counterfeited: made to look exactly like something else, in order to deceive people. Sp. Falsificado



7. volatility

 

 

8. revolutionise


Script:


Track 022

Bruno: I’ve been trying to get my head around Bitcoin and crypto-currency but I find it all so confusing. Could you give me a breakdown of what they are and how they work, in simple terms?

Alice: I’ll do my best.

Bruno: OK, so let’s start with the obvious questionwhat is it exactly?

Alice: Well, Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, a form of electronic cash.

Bruno: Well, I know that much.

Alice: Good. So you are aware then that cryptocurrencies are decentralised digital currencies without a central bank or single administrator that can be sent from user to user on the peer-to-peer bitcoin network without the need for intermediaries.

Bruno: You’ve lost me there.

Alice: OK, let me rephrase that. Basically they’re internet-based currencies but outside of the control of banks and international currencies.

Bruno: OK, right. Is that good?

Alice: Well, yes, in theory. The idea is that Bitcoin is controlled by the users and that it cuts out the middle man.

Bruno: I’m sorry. What do you mean by ‘cuts out the middle man’? I don’t know that term.

Alice: In this context it means that you are not paying fees to banks or other financial services when you buy and sell or transfer money.

Bruno: Right. I like the sound of that. So how does it work? What I mean is: how can I get it?

Alice: Well, you can start by installing a wallet on your computer.

Bruno: A wallet? I’m afraid I don’t follow.

Alice: Well, put simply, it’s a piece of software on your computer that allows you to send, receive or transfer Bitcoin. It’s literally an electronic wallet where you keep your Bitcoin.

Bruno: OK. So how do people buy and sell with Bitcoin?

Alice: To pay for something, you log into your wallet. You receive a Bitcoin address, sometimes in the form of a QR code and you enter how much Bitcoin you want to send. You then add the transaction to the network.

Bruno: I am sorry, I didn’t quite get that last part. You said something about QR codes, right?

Alice: Yes, what I mean by that is those funny square codes that look a bit like barcodes. A lot of businesses use them these days.

Bruno: Oh yes, I know what you mean. OK, I get that part. But I do have another question. If Bitcoin is decentralised like you say, who administers it and verifies these transactions?

Alice: All transactions are tracked on the blockchain, which, to put it in a nutshell, is a type of electronic ledger, or record book.

Each transaction is verified by volunteers, often called ‘miners’. I won’t go into details but Bitcoin miners can also earn Bitcoin by doing this work.

Bruno: OK. And one last question. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies?

Alice: Well, apart from the ones I have already mentioned, it is very secure and resistant to online fraud because of its cryptography, and it cannot be counterfeited or hacked.

Having said that, it is a target for online scammers, so like anything involving money online, you do need to be careful.

The other big disadvantage at the moment is its volatility. You have probably seen on the news that the real world monetary value of Bitcoin has gone up and done a lot over the last few years.

Bruno: So what you are saying is it’s a bit like the stock market and if you invest in Bitcoin, you could lose money.

Alice: Exactly. Like everything in life, there is an element of risk involved, but many experts think it and other cryptocurrencies could revolutionise the world of finance in the same way that email and social media have changed how we communicate.

Bruno: Thanks, Alice. I’ll certainly look into it more now.

Open World p 45. Writing a report

 

Do Ex 1

Do Ex 2

Do Ex 3

outgoings: /ˈaʊtɡəʊɪŋz/ the amount of money that a person or a business has to spend regularly, for example on rent or food every month. Expenditure /ɪkˈspendɪtʃə(r)/

E.g.
low/high outgoings
Write down your incomings and outgoings.

List all your outgoings for a month. 

My main monthly outgoings are rent, bills, and food.  Sp.  Mis gastos mensuales son la renta, las cuentas y la comida.

overdraft:

the amount of money that you owe to a bank when you have spent more money than is in your bank account; an arrangement that allows you to do this. Sp. descubierto

E.g.
She had run up an overdraft of £3 000.
to pay off/clear an overdraft

I was always going into overdraft.

a £250 overdraft.

The savings account has no overdraft facility.

Many students have a free overdraft facility (=agreement with their bank to have an overdraft up to a particular limit)

I have a large overdraft. Sp. Tengo un descubierto importante.


make (both) ends meet
​to earn just enough money to be able to buy the things you need.

E.g.
Many families struggle to make ends meet.  

expenditure /ɪkˈspendɪtʃə(r)/ the total amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends during a particular period of time.

expenditure on research and development  

plans to increase expenditure on health

huge cuts in public expenditure (=the amount of money a government spends on services for the public)  

government expenditure on education  

A reduction in public/government/military expenditure

an expenditure of £1 million

squander: /ˈskwɒndə(r)/ 

squander something (on somebody/something) to waste money, time, etc. in a stupid or careless way.

E.g.

He squandered all his money on gambling.
She squandered her chances of winning.
He just squandered his talent.
The company squandered millions on two dead-end projects.
The team squandered several good scoring chances.

They squandered the profits on expensive cars. 

overpriced: too expensive; costing more than it is worth.

E.g.
The drinks in the bar were all overpriced.
ridiculously overpriced designer clothes.

 

Do Ex 4

Open World p 44



Do Ex 1

Do Ex 2

Script


Track 019

Did you know that the word salary derives from the Latin word for salt, salarium?

It may be one of the cheapest and most readily available items on your shopping list today, but salt has had a tremendous importance in economies across the world throughout history.

Due to legal restrictions in its production, it was precious enough to be welcomed as payment for wages as well as in trade.

I had always wondered why we say someone is ‘not worth his salt’ when we mean he is not good enough. So is that linked to salt being used to pay workers?

Another thing I learnt is that salt is still used as currency today among the nomads of the Danakil plains in Ethiopia.



Do Ex 4

Script


Track 020

The benefits of using seashells as currency were many: they are small, light, durable and easy to transport.

Perhaps the key advantage was that they have very specific shapes and distinctive textures, making forgery a challenge.

Apparently, China was the first to use them as currency, which surprised me as the cowrie shells came from places like the Maldives and other parts of the Indian and Pacific oceans.

I need to do some more research on how they managed to transport them so far.

One really fascinating fact is that the Chinese language still reflects this aspect of China’s history as words related to money contain the symbol for a cowrie shell!


Vocabulary:


cowrie: /ˈkaʊri/ a small shiny shell that was used as money in the past in parts of Africa and Asia.






Open World p 44. Forms of Currency. Sentence Selection. Listening


1. The idiom "not for all the tea in China" means not even for a great reward. ______

2. Tea was used as currency because the state controlled its production.  _____

3. Only the tea of highest quality could be used as currency. ______

4. The extras would help make a very appetising cup of tea. ______ 

5. The mobile phone airtime is commonly used as a form of currency. _______

6. Pre-paid mobile phone minutes allow people to get round legal restrictions. ______

7. The pre-paid mobile phone minutes can be exchanged for goods and services. _____

 

KEY

1. T

 

 

2. T




3. F (The bricks were of various sizes and qualities)

 

 

 

4. F (I don’t think they would have made a very appetising cuppa!)

 

 

 

5. F (In fact, it would be interesting to see how widespread this actually is.)

 

 

 

6. T  (It occurs because regulations affecting banks mean that account holders are not permitted to transfer money via their phones.)

 

 

 

7. T  (can also be even bartered for goods and services.)

 

Script

Track 021

Speaker 1: I’ve heard the expression ‘not for all the tea in China’ used to say there is no price high enough, but I didn’t realise it related to the time when tea was actually a form of currency.

From the 9th century onwards, the Chinese Emperor had a monopoly on tea, making it hard for ordinary people to get hold of and easier for his empire to oversee.

Tea bricks were produced in the Chinese province of Sichuan and transported in caravans of yaks and camels.

The bricks were of various sizes and qualities, the poorest quality ones containing extras like twigs, soot and wood shavings.

It’s not clear if these went on to be drunk but I don’t think they would have made a very appetising cuppa!

Speaker 2: This form of currency actually relates to the present day rather than to a period of history.

In many parts of Africa, pre-paid mobile phone minutes have been serving as de facto currency. In fact, it would be interesting to see how widespread this actually is.

It occurs because regulations affecting banks mean that account holders are not permitted to transfer money via their phones.

As up to 99.5% of connections are pre-paid in countries such as Nigeria, Ghana and Uganda, users’ credit can be used for digital purchases such as games and song downloads.

The airtime can also be exchanged for cash with phone dealers or even bartered for goods and services.

 

get hold of: obtain.

E.g.

Can you tell me where I can get hold of a watch like yours?

You need to get hold of a copy of his birth certificate.

 

oversee: supervise.

E.g. 

United Nations observers oversaw the elections.

 

yak: an animal of the cow family, with long horns and long hair, that lives in central Asia.

 

twig: small branch.

 

soot: black powder that is produced when wood, coal, etc. is burnt. Sp. hollín.

E.g.

The fireplace was blackened with soot.

 

wood shavings: thin curly wood shavings used for packing or stuffing.

 

de facto: /ˌdeɪ ˈfæktəʊ/ 

existing in fact, although perhaps not intended, legal, or accepted. Sp. de hecho.

E.g. 

The city is rapidly becoming the de facto centre of the financial world. 

He's her de facto husband though they're not actually married. 

English is de facto the common language of much of the world today.
The general took de facto control of the country.

 

airtime: 

1) the amount of broadcasting time that a person, a subject, or an advertisement has on television or radio: 

E.g. 

advertising/radio/television airtime

2) the amount of time that is paid for when you are using a mobile phone.

E.g.

This deal gives you 180 minutes free airtime a month. 


barter: the system of exchanging goods, property, services, etc. for other goods, etc. without using money

E.g.

The islanders use a system of barter instead of money.

 

Open World p 42

Watch the Grammar on the move video

Do Ex 1 on page 204

Do Ex 3 on p 42



overdraft: the amount of money that you owe to a bank when you have spent more money than is in your bank account; an arrangement that allows you to do this. Sp. descubierto.

E.g.
She had run up an overdraft of £3 000.
to pay off/clear an overdraft
The savings account has no overdraft facility.

Open World WB p 19. Spending Money. Listening

Do Ex 2

Script



Track 008

Extract 1

Speaker A: It’s always going to form a big part of what people want and what they might aspire to, isn’t it?

Speaker B: In what way?

Speaker A: Well, your surroundings are often the key to your decisions; what you see around you is of the utmost importance, and for many people it’s difficult to resist the urge to be part of a crowd,if you know what I’m getting at.

Speaker B: Possibly. If I’ve understood you correctly here, you’re suggesting that it’s not just the things you see that are important, but the people too, especially the ones that you look up to or just enjoy spending time with.

Speaker A: Exactly.

Speaker B: Okay. I might take issue with you on that, though …

Extract 2

Speaker A: The fact is, there is a real inconsistency. While you might pay, I don’t know, one price for your shopping here, you’ll be struggling to find the same thing for the same price elsewhere.

Speaker B: I’m not sure if I follow you

Speaker A: Well, how much is a cup of coffee on campus? I don’t know exactly, but it’s not going to break the bank, is it? Go into town, on the other hand …

Speaker B: Ah, so correct me if I’m wrong, but what you’re saying is that people decide what to buy according to where they are at that point in time.

Speaker A: Quite.

Speaker B: Okay, I see your point, but

Extract 3

Speaker A: We all like to see ourselves as individuals who aren’t taken in by this or that … I mean, many of us float through life believing that our decisions are completely our own, but is that really the case?

Speaker B: Possibly. What’s the main point that you’re driving at?

Speaker A: It’s just that so much money is spent on making us want to own certain things, or to feel certain ways about certain products, and we all fall for it all the time. We can’t help it.

Speaker B: So, if I’m not mistaken, what you’re saying is that we have no choice but to give in to suggestion?

Speaker A: Precisely.

Speaker B: To be honest, I’m not sure I’d go along with that … 

 

Vocabulary



taken somebody in

to make somebody believe something that is not true. Synonym deceive.

E.g.

She took me in completely with her story. 

Don't be taken in by his charm—he's ruthless.  


fall for something
​[no passive] (informal) to be tricked into believing something that is not true.

E.g.

I'm surprised you fell for that trick. 



give in to something to no longer try to stop yourself from doing something you want to do.  Sp. caer en algo (la tentación, desesperación)

E.g.

Don’t give in to the temptation to argue back.  If you feel the urge for a cigarette, try not to give in to it.

Open World WB p 18. Reading and Use of English

 Do the word formation cloze

mundane: /mʌnˈdeɪn/ not interesting or exciting. Dull, ordinary, boring.

E.g.
a mundane task/job
I lead a pretty mundane existence.

Initially, the work was pretty mundane.  

The mundane task of setting the table can be fun on holidays.

 

wholly: /ˈhəʊlli/ completely. Totally

E.g.

wholly inappropriate behaviour    

The government is not wholly to blame for the recession

a wholly satisfactory solution  

The report claimed that the disaster was wholly unavoidable 

 

come up against: to be faced with or opposed by somebody/something. To have to deal with problems or difficulties. Sp. enfrentarse

E.g.

We may find we come up against quite a lot of opposition from local people.  

You’ve got no idea of what you’re going to come up against
We expect to come up against a lot of opposition to the plan.

 

tempting: something that is tempting is attractive, and makes people want to have it, do it, etc.     

E.g. 

It was a tempting offer.     

That cake looks very tempting 


testing: (of a problem or situation) difficult to deal with and needing particular strength or abilities.

E.g.

This has been a testing time for us all

It was a testing experience for her Sp. fue una experiencia muy dura para ella 

It was a testing time fue un período difícil

Open World WB p 17. Vocabulary

Do Ex 2

gossip: a person who enjoys talking about other people’s private lives      

E.g.

The people I work with are terrible gossips.

 

Do the Push Yourself Ex.