Ready for C1 p77 . RELATIVE CLAUSES. Key Word Transformations

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.



1. I waited for him until 6.30 and then gave up.
which
I waited for him until 6.30, ________________________________ gave up.
2. We suggested a lot of things, which were all rejected.
was
Everything ___________________________________________ rejected.
3. If anyone can understand this application form, they are cleverer than I am.
is
Anyone ____________________________________ cleverer than I am.
4. I won’t tell you this again, you naughty boy.
time
This _________________________________ tell you, you naughty boy.
5. The whole summer was sunny and warm, for a change.
made
The whole summer was sunny and warm, _______________________ nice change.
6. I don’t really approve of his proposal.
what
I don’t really approve of ________________________________ proposing.
7. The police never caught the culprit.
committed
The police never caught _________________________________ the crime.

8. I have read all of her books but one.
that
There is only ______________________________________ I have not read.
9. I can’t remember the last heavy rain.
when
I can’t remember ________________________________________ heavily.
10. Do you get on with your next-door neighbour?
who
Do you get on with ________________________________ lives next door?


Sentences with KEY


1. I waited for him until 6.30 and then gave up.
which
I waited for him until 6.30, ________________________________ gave up.
 

KEY

KEY

 

1. at which point I


2. We suggested a lot of things, which were all rejected.
was
Everything ___________________________________________ rejected.




KEY

 

2. we suggested was


3. If anyone can understand this application form, they are cleverer than I am.
is
Anyone ____________________________________ cleverer than I am.




KEY

 

3. who can understand this application form is


4. I won’t tell you this again, you naughty boy.
time
This _________________________________ tell you, you naughty boy.




KEY

 

4. is the last time I will


5. The whole summer was sunny and warm, for a change.
made
The whole summer was sunny and warm, _______________________ nice change.



KEY
 

5. which made a



6. I don’t really approve of his proposal.
what
I don’t really approve of ________________________________ proposing.

 

KEY

6. what he is


7. The police never caught the culprit.
committed
The police never caught _________________________________ the crime.



KEY

7. the person who (had) committed


8. I have read all of her books but one.
that
There is only ______________________________________ I have not read.


KEY

8. one of her books that/one book of hers that


9. I can’t remember the last heavy rain.
when
I can’t remember ________________________________________ heavily.

KEY

9. when it last rained



10. Do you get on with your next-door neighbour?
who
Do you get on with ________________________________ lives next door?

KEY

10. the person who

Ready for CAE p 71. Personality. Extra Speaking

Personality: Positive Adjectives

Ready for CAE p 71. Open Cloze. Vocabulary

Indulgence: the state of allowing sb to have or do whatever they want. E.g. There is no limit to the indulgence he shows to his grandchildren. Capricho.

Hold together: To keep sb/sth united. E.g. It’s the mother who usually holds the family together.

Backbone: Spine. The most important part of a system, an organization, etc. that gives it support and strength: E.g. Agriculture forms the backbone of the rural economy.

Cohort: /ˈkəʊ hɔːt/a group of people who share a common feature. Séquito. E.g. Data was collected from a cohort of 154 students.

A beanpole family. A family whose living members come from many generations, but with few members in each generation.
E.g. Family relationships are expected to be dramatically altered by the ageing society. With people having fewer children and living longer, the whole notion of family will change. Widely extended families of cousins of similar age will be replaced by 'beanpole' families of many generations.
Beanpole: a long stick put upright for bean plants to climb on. (Informal) a tall, lean person.

Juggle: to try to deal with two or more important jobs or activities at the same time so that you can fit all of them into your life: E.g. Working mothers are used to juggling their jobs, their children’s needs and their housework.
Juggle: to throw a set of three or more objects such as balls into the air and catch and throw them again quickly, one at a time.

Ready for CAE p 69. Essays. Useful Language

Ready for CAE Ss p 69. Essay. Useful Language

Ready for CAE p 69. It is Better to Live Alone Than in the Parental Home. Essay

Ready for CAE p 67. Listening. Vocabulary

Immaterial (to sb/sth): not important or relevant in a particular situation. Irrelevant: E.g. The cost is immaterial. It is immaterial to me whether he stays or goes.
Hold back on sth: stop from moving forwards. To withhold something; to give or take only a limited amount.E.g. Hold back on the gravy. I'm on a diet. That's enough. Hold back. Save some for the others. Frenar
Stunts: escenas peligrosas
Rally: a car race on public roads or land.
Peak performance: best performance.
Roll: to turn over and over or round and round. Dar vueltas, rodar.
Ditch:
Noun: a long channel dug at the side of a field or road, to hold or take away water. Cuneta, acequia
Verb: to get rid of sth/sb because you no longer want or need it/them: E.g. The new road building programme has been ditched. He ditched his girlfriend.
Step in: to help sb in a disagreement or difficult situation: E.g. A local businessman stepped in with a large donation for the school. Intervenir.
Underrate: to not recognize how good, important, etc. sb/sth really is: E.g. He’s seriously underrated as a writer. An underrated movie. Subestimar

Ready for CAE p 65. Relationships. Extra speaking

Ready for CAE Ss p 65. Relationships. Extra Speaking
Example:

Description of the picture on the left:

The picture portrays a tiny desert island with a palm tree in the centre. Perhaps this island is located in a tropical part of the world. I would say that because palm trees normally grow in tropical countries.
Anyway, underneath the palm tree, and sitting at either side of its trunk, we can clearly see a couple, who, judging by their posture and what they are saying to each other, seem to have quite a rocky relationship. They don’t face each other but, quite the opposite, they are sitting back to back, leaning against the tree trunk.
Both of them are wearing scruffy clothes and are barefoot. They look as though they are two castaways. They must have been shipwrecked and may have had to swim to this desert island.
We can’t say that they are getting on like a house on fire. On the one hand, she has folded her arms tightly across her chests. This comes to show us that she might be feeling uncomfortable or nervous. Studies have shown that when a person folds his arms not only has he negative thoughts about the other person, but he is also paying less attention to what is being said. On the other hand he appears to be completely unaware of how bored and confused she seems to be. I would say that the relationship must have turned sour some time ago.

Ready for CAE p 65. Malcolm X at Oxford, 1964. Extra Listening

I enjoy replaying this vintage gem every now and then -- Malcolm X debating at Oxford University in 1964. In this classic video, you get a good feel for Malcolm X’s presence and message, not to mention the social issues that were alive during the day. You’ll hear X’s trademark claim that liberty can be attained by “whatever means necessary,” including force, if the government won’t guarantee it, and that “intelligently directed extremism” will achieve liberty far more effectively than pacifist strategies. (He’s clearly alluding to Martin Luther King.) You can listen to the speech in its entirety here (Real Audio), something that is well worth doing. But I’d also encourage you to watch the dramatic closing minutes and pay some attention to the nice rhetorical slide, where X takes lines from Shakespeare’s Hamlet and uses them to justify his “by whatever means necessary” position. You’d probably never expect to see Hamlet getting invoked that way, let alone Malcolm X speaking at Oxford. A wonderful set of contrasts.

“I read once, passingly, about a man named Shakespeare. I only read about him passingly, but I remember one thing he wrote that kind of moved me. He put it in the mouth of Hamlet, I think, it was, who said, ‘To be or not to be.’ He was in doubt about something—whether it was nobler in the mind of man to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune—moderation—or to take up arms against a sea of troubles and by opposing end them. And I go for that. If you take up arms, you’ll end it, but if you sit around and wait for the one who’s in power to make up his mind that he should end it, you’ll be waiting a long time. And in my opinion, the young generation of whites, blacks, browns, whatever else there is, you’re living at a time of extremism, a time of revolution, a time when there’s got to be a change. People in power have misused it, and now there has to be a change and a better world has to be built, and the only way it’s going to be built—is with extreme methods. And I, for one, will join in with anyone—I don’t care what color you are—as long as you want to change this miserable condition that exists on this earth.”

Ready for CAE p 62. Motherhood's Best-kept Secret. Vocabulary

MOTHERHOOD’S BEST-KEPT SECRET

To drift off to sleep: to fall asleep.
To wander: to walk slowly around or to a place, often without any particular sense of purpose or direction.
Wreck: a person who is in a bad physical or mental condition.
Old self: the type of person you are, especially the way you normally behave, look or feel
To downsize: to reduce the number of people who work in a company, business, etc. in order to reduce costs.
Siege: a military operation in which an army tries to capture a town by surrounding it and stopping the supply of food, etc. to the people inside. Cercar.
Ambush: the act of hiding and waiting for sby and then making a surprise attack on them. Emboscada.
To prevail: to exist or be very common at a particular time or in a particular place.
At bay: to prevent an enemy from coming close or a problem from having a bad effect. Mantener a raya.
To drop sby off: to stop so that sby can get out of a car, etc.; to deliver sthg on the way to somewhere else.
To back up: to support sby/sthg; to say that what sby says, etc. is true.
Manageable: possible to deal with or control.
To stumble: to discover sthg/sby unexpectedly.
To rely on: to trust or have faith in sby/sthg.
To empathise: to understand another person’s feelings and experiences, especially because you have been in a similar situation.
Whereas: used to compare or contrast two facts.
Reluctant: hesitating before doing sthg because you do not want to do it or because you are not sure that it is the right thing to do.
To break away: to move away from a crowd or group. Separarse.
Cuddly: if a person is cuddly, they make you want to cuddle them. (Adorable) To cuddle: to hold sby/sthg close in your arms to show love or affection. Abrazar, achuchar.
Accepting: approving.
Frailty: weakness in a person’s character or moral standards. Debilidad, flaqueza.
Whilst: during the time that sthg is happening.
Bond: strong connection.
To edit: to prepare a piece of writing, a book, etc. to be published by correcting the mistakes, making improvements to it, etc.
To confide IN: to tell sby secrets and personal information because you feel you can trust them.
To put up: to build sthg or place sthg somewhere.
Rough: not gentle or careful; violent. Bruto, rudo.

Ready for CAE p 61. Listening. Vocabulary

Hasten: /ˈheɪsən/ to say or do sth without delay: E.g. He has been described as a ‘charmless bore’—not by me, I hasten to add. Apresurarse.
Turn down: to reject or refuse. Rechazar.
The whole works: everything available. The whole thing. The whole shebang /ʃɪˈbæŋ/.
Lavish: large in amount, or impressive, and usually costing a lot of money. Extravagant. E.g. lavish gifts / celebrations. They lived a very lavish lifestyle.
Statement: declaration
Allowance: an amount of money that is given to sb regularly or for a particular purpose.
Besotted:/biˈsɒtɪd/ besotted (by / with sb/sth) loving sb/sth so much that you do not behave in a sensible way: E.g. He is completely besotted with his new girlfriend. Locamente enamorado. Chiflado.
Strain: pressure, tension, worry, anxiety.
Prove to be: turn out: resultar.
Restricted: limited
Truthful: honest
Stick at sth:to continue to work in a serious and determined way to achieve sth:
If you want to play an instrument well, you’ve got to stick at it. Persevere /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə/. Perseverar.