Connectors and
Modifiers
1.
Appearance and reality.
At first sight (a primera vista) but in fact (pero de hecho).
Apparently…but they are really/actually
The fact is that (el hecho es que)
As a matter of fact (de hecho)
2.
Developing an argument (sequence)
First... In the first place…
To begin with…To start with… First of all…
Second… Secondly… In the
second place… In addition to that… Apart from that… Besides… (además).
Third… Finally… Lastly… Above
all… (por encima de todo).
In conclusion… All in all…(with everything
considered) e.g. All in all, I would say John and I had a very nice
trip. All things considered… (considerándolo
todo) e.g. All things considered, we didn't do too badly. In the last resort… (como último recurso) e.g. They would in
the last resort support their friends whatever they did. In the last
resort we shall have to turn to him for help.
If this were not enough…On
top of all this…To make matters
worse.
3.
Giving examples
For example… For instance… A
case in point is… (un caso que lo
explica es)
4.
Contrast
Although… e.g. Although
his argument is interesting, it does not convince me.
However,… At the same time… e.g. At the same time, we didn't want
to leave our parents.
But… After all… (después de todo) e.g. After all, we didn't
really have a choice
In spite of + noun phrase/ -ing/ the fact that…
Despite + noun phrase/ -ing/ the fact that…
5.
Balance
On one hand… (por una parte) On the other hand… (por otra parte)
6.
Cause and effect
Because of… e.g. We were worried in the morning because
of the weather,
but the event was very lively. Owing to…
e.g. I couldn't
attend, owing to illness
Caused by… Due to… e.g. The
cancellation of the concert was due to
the rain.
Consequently... As a result…
In consequence…
For this reason… For these
reasons… For one reason or another…
7.
Expressing personal opinion
For my part… (por mi parte) e.g. For my
part, I do not agree en lo que a mí se refiere / por mi parte, no estoy de
acuerdo.
Personally… In my opinion… In
my view… As I see it… e.g.
As I see it, you have no choice. To my mind… e.g. To my mind,
their behaviour is unreasonable. As far
as I am concerned… (por lo que a mí se refiere) e.g. As far as I am
concerned, that's very sound (reliable and sensible) advice; you should
take it.
8.
Modifying what is said or written
To agree
In general… As a rule… (por norma). On the whole… (en conjunto) e.g. On the whole it was a happy marriage. In the main (en lo principal) e.g. It was an excellent conference in the main.
To agree to a certain extent
In a way… (en cierta forma) e.g. You're right, in a way, but we have to consider the
price. In a sense… (en algún sentido)e.g. In a sense our schools
are the best in the state, but the test scores don't always show that.
In some
sense…e.g. In some sense I agree with you, but not entirely Up to a point (hasta cierto punto). It is interesting up
to a point.
To say that you are not very well informed
As far as I know… (por lo que sé). For
all I know…e.g. For
all I know, she's gone to China. To the best of my knowledge… e.g. To the best of my knowledge,
they arrive tomorrow.
To limit the argument
In these circumstances…e.g. In these circumstances, the
next suitable day for me to have the personal interview is 30th October. At least… (por lo menos) Things being as they are… (si la
situación es esta) e.g. Anyway, things being as they are these days,
many states are either broke or getting close to it.
9.
Intensifying the statement
Clearly… Obviously… Of
course… Needless to say… As everyone knows…
To point something out
In particular…
Especially… Above all… (por encima de todo). Let alone… (aún menos).
Not to mention… (por no decir). In
other words… (en otras palabras). In
any case… (en cualquier caso)
10.
Referring to someone or something
With regard to… (con relación a) e.g I spoke to him with
regard to [as regards, in
regard to, regarding] his future.. For that matter… (respecto a este
asunto) e.g. For
that matter I
don't care either. As for… (en lo que se refiere a) e.g. As for this chair, there is nothing to do
but throw it away.
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