Ex 7A
Warm up
Have you ever been to Lisbon? What do you know about the city? What do you know about these headings: location, history, nearby sights, architecture, things to see/ do, food and drink.
KEY
Location: south western coast of Portugal, overlooking the river Tejo.
History: old quarters of the city, the poet Pessoa, 1930s-era cafés.
Nearby sights: Sintra, beaches, fishing villages.
Architecture: Gothic and Moorish, monasteries, cathedrals and a castle, narrow streets.
Things to see/do: visit museums and cathedrals, walk through the narrow backstreets, eat at a small patio restaurant, listening to Fado, sit in a 1930s café, go to bars/ restaurants in Bairro Alto, or to nightclubs in the docks or in old mansions, go shopping in Chiado, go to a neighbourhood festival, watch the sunset from the castle.
Food and drink: fresh pastry and espresso coffee, fresh bread and wine.
Vocabulary
overlook something: if a building, etc.overlooks a place, you can see that place from the building. E.g. a restaurant overlooking the lake. Our back yard is overlooked by several houses.
quaint /kweɪnt/ attractive in an unusual or old-fashioned way. E.g. quaint old customs. The quaint seaside village of Deià.
cityscape: the appearance of a city or urban area, especially in a picture; a picture of a city. E.g.
shades of red brick which once coloured the cityscape.
lie (in something) (of ideas, qualities, problems, etc.) to exist or be found. E.g. The problem lies in deciding when to intervene.
wander: /ˈwɒndə(r)/ to walk slowly around or to a place, often without any particular sense of purpose or direction. E.g. She wandered aimlessly around the streets.
lane: a street, often a narrow one with buildings on both sides. E.g. The quickest way is through the back lanes behind the bus station.
backstreet: a small quiet street, usually in a poor part of a town or city, away from main roads. E.g. He was born in the backstreets of Leeds.
wind /waɪnd/, wound, wound /waʊnd/ (of a road, river, etc.) to have many bends and twists. Move in or take a twisting or spiral course. E.g. the path wound among olive trees. The path wound down to the beach. Wind its way + adverb/preposition The river winds its way between two meadows.
curvy: /ˈkɜːvi/ having curves. E.g. a curvy body. Curvy lines. Curvy streets.
-lined having the object mentioned along an edge or edges. E.g. a tree-lined road.
stroll: /strəʊl/ (+ adverb/preposition) to walk somewhere in a slow relaxed way. E.g. People were strolling along the beach.
quarter: /ˈkwɔːtə(r)/ a district or part of a town. E.g. the Latin quarter. The historic quarter of the city.
proponent: /prəˈpəʊnənt/ (of something) (formal) a person who supports an idea or course of action. E.g. a strong proponent of the free market and liberal trade policies.
hilltop: the top of a hill. E.g. the hilltop town of Urbino.
line: to form lines or rows along something. E.g. line something Crowds of people lined the streets to watch the race. Line something with something The walls were lined with books.
reggae: /ˈreɡeɪ/
electronica: /ɪlekˈtrɒnɪkə/ a popular style of music deriving from techno and rave and having a more ambient (creating a relaxed atmosphere), esoteric (understood or enjoyed by only a few), or cerebral (intellectual) quality.
reveller: /ˈrevələ(r)/ a person who is having fun in a noisy way, usually with a group of other people and often after drinking alcohol.
scattered: spread over a wide area.
be tucked away to be located in a quiet place, where not many people go. E.g. The shop is tucked away down a backstreet.
encompass: /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/ to include a large number or range of things. E.g. The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities. The group encompasses all ages.
petite: /pəˈtiːt/ small and thin. E.g. a petite blonde.
window-shopping looking in shop windows without buying anything.
Ex 7B
KEY
1 Present tenses for giving information and facts about a place. Makes the description more immediate.
2 Fairly informal, and friendly (words like stroll, revellers partying until dawn, scattered) – also contractions like you’d, they’ve.
3 The writer likes the place very much. We can see this from the positive language he/she uses to describe it.
Ex 8A
KEY
The writer has added a wider range of vocabulary and details such as colours, shapes, sounds and feelings.
Ex 8B
KEY
hear the voices of the market sellers (sound), advertising their wares.
wares [plural] things that somebody is selling, especially in the street or at a market. E.g. He travelled from town to town selling his wares.
sweet smell of fruit (smell),
ripened in the hot sun (touch), lingers in the air
linger: to continue to exist for longer than expected. E.g. The faint smell of her perfume lingered in the room.
aroma of strong, fresh coffee and petrol fumes (smell),
small, three-wheeled motorised vans (sight/sound),
farmers, or ‘contadini’ (sight),
contadino: /ˌkɒntəˈdiːnəʊ/ (plural contadini /-ni/ or contadinos): an Italian peasant or countryman.
mountains of different coloured fruits and vegetables (sight),
firm red peppers, purple beans, tomatoes of all shapes and sizes (sight/touch),
liveliness in the air (sound),
old ladies haggle over the price of the cherries (sight/sound),
haggle (with somebody) (over something) to argue with somebody in order to reach an agreement, especially about the price of something. E.g. I left him in the market haggling over the price of a shirt. We spent a long time haggling with the authorities over our visas.
wave their arms in rebuke at the younger workers (sight/sound).
rebuke: /rɪˈbjuːk/ an expression of sharp disapproval or criticism. E.g. he hadn’t meant it as a rebuke, but Neil flinched.
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