Open World SB p 30. Grammar

Watch the Grammar On the Move video

Warmer:

What countries are on your bucket list (would you like to visit in the future)? Why? How would you prefer to travel?

Do Ex 1

embark on/upon something      ​(formal) to start to do something new or difficult.

E.g.

She is about to embark on a diplomatic career.         

Remember these basic rules before embarking upon major home improvements.

tick off: 

tick somebody/something off (British English) (North American English check somebody/something off)      ​to put a mark (✓) next to a name or an item on a list to show that something has been dealt with         

E.g.

I’ve ticked off the names of all those present.         

It’s a good idea to tick off the jobs on the list as you do them.

Do Ex 2

farmyard: /ˈfɑːmjɑːd/ an area that is surrounded by farm buildings. Sp. corral.

E.g.

I entered the barn at the corner of the farmyard.

roadworthy: /ˈrəʊdwɜːði/ (of a vehicle) in a safe condition to drive. Sp. apto -a para la circulación.

E.g.  

The MOT inspectors are responsible for ensuring that all vehicles are safe and roadworthy. 

 

Do Ex 3

lounge around (also lounge about British English) /laʊndʒ/ to spend time relaxing and doing nothing, often when you should be doing something. SYN laze around. Sp. holgazanear, no hacer nada.

E.g.

James does nothing but lounge around the apartment. 

Several students were lounging around, reading newspapers.

 

suffice: /səˈfaɪs/  to be enough for somebody/something.

E.g

Generally a brief note or a phone call will suffice. 

suffice to do something One example will suffice to illustrate the point.

 

Do Ex 4

Do Ex 5

Read the Grammar Reference section on p 202 

Do Ex 1 on p 202

 

Open World p 30. All, Whole, Every, Each. Extra Practice

 All, Every, Each
Fill in the gaps with all, whole, every or each. Add of where necessary.
1. __________ is well.
2. My friends ______ think I'm crazy
3. We __________ think Ann’s working too hard.
4. They are ___________ tired
5. You should __________ get a pen to answer the questions.
6. We _________ went running together
7. ___________ students must wear uniforms
8. ____________ information is confidential
9. ___________ these cars are for sale
10. They weren’t able to stay for the _________ concert
11. After I've been sitting at my computer _______ day I can't wait to go out for a run.
12. I was really surprised when I managed to run the ____________ way
13. There’s a bus ________ ten minutes
14. He had ___________ opportunity to complete the work.
15. We wish you ________ success in your new job
16. Not ___________ chair is broken
17. His team lost almost ________ game
18. She was wearing a fine gold chain on ______ ankle
19. I asked many people and _________ gave the same answer.
20. ___________ the drawings is slightly different




KEY

1. all 



2. all



3. all 



4. all 



5. all 



6. all 



7. All 



8. All 



9. All (of) 



10. whole 



11. all 



12. whole 



13. every 



14. every 



15. every 



16. every 



17. every 



18. each 



19. each 



20. Each of

 

Theory
   
All is used when you are thinking of a collection as a whole rather than its individual items.

Every is used to refer to each individual item.

It is often a difference in form more than in meaning. For example, all of us means the same thing as every one of us.

All can be a pronoun all by itself, whereas every cannot. Example:
All is well.
However, we use everyone/everything rather than all by itself
Everyone laughed at his jokes
Everything was a mess

We sometimes use all after the noun it refers to:
- His songs all sound much the same to me.
- My friends all think I'm crazy
Or:
- All of his songs sound…
- All of my friends think...

- We all think Ann’s working too hard.
Or:
- All of us think…

Notice that we usually put all after the verb be and after the first auxiliary verb:
They are all tired.
You should all get a pen to answer the questions.

If there is no auxiliary, we usually put all before the verb:
We all went running together

We use all with plural nouns and uncountable nouns to make very general statements:
All cars have breaks
All students must wear uniforms
All information is confidential

We use all (of) before determiners plus nouns to make more specific statements
All (of) these cars are for sale
All (of) the information you asked for is on our web site


Before singular countable nouns we usually use the whole rather than all the:
They weren’t able to stay for the whole concert ( rather than…for all the concert)
I thought the whole event was brilliant.

Before day/ week/ night/ month/ summer, etc. we prefer all rather than the whole
E.g. After I've been sitting at my computer all day I can't wait to go out for a run.
I might go all week without a run.

We can use all the or the whole before way and time:
E.g. I was really surprised when I managed to run all the way. (or the whole way)

Often we can use every or each with little difference in meaning.
We use every to talk about three or more things or people.

Every means all things or people in a group of three or more.

We use every when we talk about something happening at regular intervals:
Every single day
Every so often
Every now and again (occasionally)
There’s a bus every ten minutes
Take two tablets every four hours
The average Briton moves house once every seven and a half years
We meet twice every Sunday

We use every when we want to emphasize “as many/much as possible” with nouns such as possibility, chance, reason, success.
She has every chance of success in her application for the job
He had every opportunity to complete the work.
We wish you every success in your new job

We use every after virtually, almost, nearly...to emphasise we are talking about a group as a whole. We cannot use each here because each is more targeted on the individual among the totality, every on the totality itself. In consequence, every is subject to quantitative modification.
Almost every candidate was over the age of twenty-five
Almost every chair is broken
Not every chair is broken
His team lost almost every game
We run nearly every day

We use each when we are talking about two or more things:
I only had two suitcases, but each one weighed over 20 kilos.
She was wearing a fine gold chain on each ankle

We use each as a pronoun:
I asked many people and each gave the same answer.

We use each of (not every of) before determiners with plural nouns:
Each of her cars was a different colour
Each of the drawings is slightly different
We feel quite differently about each of our children

We use each of before plural pronouns:
Each of you must work alone

Each one and every one can be used before of instead of each, for emphasis.
This view of poverty influences each one of us

Here and here you will find some explanations

Open World p 29 . STEVEN SLATER “Quit your job with style”. Word Formation Exercise

The story of JetBlue (1) ___________ (FLY) attendant Steven Slater has garnered quite a bit of attention. And rightly so. The guy snapped, cursed out an (2)_____________(COOPERATE) passenger, deployed the emergency slide, grabbed a cold one and slid off the plane onto the JFK airport tarmac. Come on…that’s (3)___________________(AWE)! The 80′s gave us the ubiquitous “go postal”, and now, thanks to Mr. Slater, we all know what it means to “go stewardess”. (Yes, I know, “stewardess” is a relic of a bygone (4) ____________ (SEX) era, and not (5)____________________ ( POLITICAL) correct. I also realize that it is female-specific and that Steven Slater is a man. But “go flight attendant” just doesn’t work. Anyway, something tells me Mr. Slater himself would be thrilled with the expression.)

But, on the (6) _____________ (ASSUME) that someone out there might intend to realize their own “go stewardess” moment, I thought it worthwhile to discuss the potential legal consequences of Slater’s conduct? He was, of course, arrested at his home shortly after sliding of the JetBlue aircraft, and charged with (7) __________________ (RECK) endangerment, criminal mischief and criminal trespass. While I agree that Slater’s (8) _________________ (BEHAVE) is less the product of a “criminal” mind, and more the product of a” righteously-pissed-off” meets “fabulous-show-biz” mind, I DO think there are some legitimate criminal issues in this case for him.  He's now facing up to 7 years (9)____________________ (PRISON).
A (10) ________________ (DRAMA) way to quit his job to say the least, the epic of Slater has now become an internet meme in its own right, spurring animated flicks of the event, discussions on other craziest ways to quit, and even songs.


KEY:  

1. flight  

curse someone out to shout offensive words at someone because you are angry or annoyed with them.

2. uncooperative



3. awesome



4. sexist



5. politically



6. assumption



7. reckless



8. behaviour



9. imprisonment



10. dramatic

Vocabulary: Garner something (formal)/ ˈɡɑːnə/ to obtain or collect something such as information, support, etc. Gather, acquire. E.g. All the information that we garnered has been kept on file. Snap: to speak or say something in an impatient, usually angry, voice. E.g.  I was tempted to snap back angrily at him. Ubiquitous: /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ seeming to be everywhere or in several places at the same time; very common. E.g: The ubiquitous bicycles of university towns. The ubiquitous movie star, Tom Hank. Go postal:  to become very angry. E.g. He went postal when he found out. Bygone: happening or existing a long time ago. E.g. a bygone age/era. Reckless: showing a lack of care about danger and the possible results of your actions. E.g. He showed a reckless disregard for his own safety. Endangerment: hazard. Mischief: Damage, destruction, or injury caused by a specific person or thing. E.g. The broken window was the mischief of vandals. Trespass: /ˈtrespəs/ to enter land or a building that you do not have permission or the right to enter. E.g. He told me I was trespassing on private land. The sign on the fence said ‘No trespassing’. Righteous: / ˈraɪtʃəs/ that you think is morally acceptable or fair. Pissed off: very angry or annoyed. E.g. I'm pissed off with the way they've treated me. Show business ( Showbiz): The business of providing public entertainment, for example in the theatre, in films/movies or in television. E.g. to be in show business. Show-business people/stars. Meme: an image, a video, a piece of text, etc. that is passed very quickly from one internet user to another, often with slight changes that make it humorous. an internet meme/a blog meme An Internet meme is an idea that is propagated through the World Wide Web.  In your own right: because of your personal qualifications or efforts, not because of your connection with somebody else. E.g. She sings with a rock band, but she's also a jazz musician in her own right. Spur: to encourage somebody to do something. Flick: film

Open World SB p 29

 Do Ex 1

hovercraft: /ˈhɒvəkrɑːft/ (pl hovercraft or hovercrafts)

a vehicle that travels just above the surface of land or water, travelling on a strong current of air that the engines produce beneath it.

 

E.g.
to catch the early afternoon hovercraft to Boulogne

This produces a lot of propeller noise at the hovercraft terminals, and annoys nearby residents.

 

mobility scooter: /məʊˈbɪləti skuːtə(r)/ a type of light electric vehicle with a seat, a bar for controlling the direction in which it moves and three or more wheels, designed for people who are unable to move easily from one place to another because they are elderly, disabled, etc. 

 

Segway: a vehicle with a motor and two wheels attached to a platform with a tall handle. The rider holds the handle and puts both feet on the platform.      

 

E.g.

We saw some people riding Segways around the neighbourhood. 

e-scooter (also electric scooter, electric kick scooters) a vehicle similar to a child's scooter but with an electric motor attached, used by adults and children.

E.g.

Some police say that because the scooters are tiny motor vehicles, state statutes regarding vehicles should apply. 

Today's child rides an electric scooter and plays computer games.

micromobility /ˌmʌɪkrə(ʊ)məʊˈbɪləti/  (also micro-mobility)  transportation using lightweight vehicles such as bicycles or scooters, especially electric ones.

E.g.

Micromobility is seen as a potential solution to moving people more efficiently around cities.

If micro-mobility continues to evolve and gain in popularity, it will raise a host of questions for public officials. The demand for bike lanes could, for example, increase sharply.

 

personal transporter: (also powered transporter, electric rideable, personal light electric vehicle, personal mobility device, personal mobility vehicle) a small vehicle with a motor that is designed for one person, for example a vehicle with two wheels similar to a child’s scooter that is designed to be ridden while standing. They include electric skateboards, kick scooters and Segways.

kayak: /ˈkaɪæk/ a light canoe in which the part where you sit is covered over.

 

canoe: /kəˈnuː/ a light narrow boat that you move along in the water with a paddle.

 

E.g.
We crossed the lake by canoe.

cable car: a vehicle that hangs from and is pulled by a moving cable and that carries passengers up and down a mountain.

 

tram (also tramcar), (Am E. streetcar, trolley ) a vehicle driven by electricity, that runs on rails along the streets of a town and carries passengers.

E.g.  

There is easy access to the centre of the city by tram.

Do Ex2

carriage:

1. a train carriage

2. a carriage pulled by horses 

cabin:

1. a small room on a ship in which you live or sleep

2. an area inside a plane where the passengers sit or where the pilot works. E.g.  the First Class cabin.

shuttle:

a plane, bus, or train that makes regular short journeys between two places  

E.g.

He took the Washington–New York shuttle.  

A shuttle bus operates to and from the beach of Es Trenc.  

There’s a shuttle service from the city centre to the airport.

congestion: 

the problem of too much traffic in a place.

E.g.

Councillors are looking at ways to reduce traffic congestion in the town centre.

wreck: 

1. a car, plane, or train that has been damaged very badly, especially in a crash.

E.g.

He was still alive when they pulled him from the wreck.

2. a ship that has sunk. SYN shipwreck

wreck of  

Divers discovered the wreck of an old German warship

Do Ex 3

Do Ex 4

keep/lose track of somebody/something 

to pay attention to someone or something, so that you know where they are or what is happening to them, or to fail to do this. Sp. estar al tanto (de algo), llevar la cuenta (de algo)/ perder la cuenta.

E.g.

It’s difficult to keep track of all the new discoveries in genetics.  

I just lost all track of time.

She changes boyfriends so often, I can’t keep track. Sp. Cambia tanto de novio que ya perdí la cuenta.

 

the reverse: the exact opposite of what has just been mentioned.

E.g.

quite/just/precisely/exactly the reverse 

 I didn’t mean to insult her – quite the reverse (=in fact, I meant to praise her). 

I owe you nothing. If anything, the reverse is true (=you owe me).

wreck:

someone who is very nervous, tired, or unhealthy  

E.g.

He looked a complete wreck.

be a nervous/emotional wreck  Sp. tener los nervios destrozados

The attack had left her an emotional wreck.

on board with: In agreement with; ready or willing to participate. 

E.g.

Is everyone on board with the new plan? Then let's get to work!

overtake somebody/something: to become greater in number, amount or importance than something else. Sp. superar.

E.g.

Nuclear energy may overtake oil as the main fuel.     

We mustn't let ourselves be overtaken by our competitors.     

Quinine has been overtaken by newer drugs. 

 

Do Ex 5

Expressing your opinion:

I'd personally say that...

In all honesty, my view is that...

 

Asking for an opinion:

What's your take on this?

How do you feel about this?

 

Disagreeing:

I see what you mean, but...

I'm afraid I must disagree...

 

Agreeing:

I'm with you on this...

My thoughts exactly /ɪɡˈzæktli/...

 

 

 

Open World SB p 28

Discuss the title of the unit

be on the move  (also be on the go )   

1. to be very active and busy         

E.g.

I've been on the go all day.         

Having four children keeps her on the go.

I've been on the move all day and I'm really tired. 

2. to be going somewhere; to be travelling

E.g.

We're going to be on the move all next week, but we'll call you when we get home.

it's difficult to contact her because she's always on the move

3. making progress.

E.g.

the economy appeared to be on the move

Museums are on the move, adding exhibits that entertain and educate.

 

Do Ex 1

Do Ex 2

on account of somebody/something      ​because of somebody/something         

E.g.

She retired early on account of ill health.         

The marsh is an area of great scientific interest on account of its wild flowers.

 

little/nothing short of something      ​used when you are saying that something is almost true, or is equal to something. Sp. totalmente, completamente, simple y llanamente.

E.g.

Last year's figures were little short of disastrous.         

The transformation has been nothing short of a miracle.

be nothing short of a miracle / a crime Sp. ser poco menos que un milagro/un crimen.

His behaviour was nothing short of rude.  Sp.    Su comportamiento fue totalmente maleducado.

 

do away with something to get rid of or destroy something. To stop doing or having something; to make something end. Synonym abolish. Sp. suprimir algo, abolir algo        

E.g.

People thought that the use of robots would do away with boring low-paid factory jobs.

taper to something /ˈteɪpə(r)/ to become gradually narrower at one end, or to make something do this

E.g.

The jeans taper to the ankles. Sp. Los jeans se van estrechando hasta los tobillos.

His wide chest tapers to a small waist.

 

blunt:  without a sharp edge or point. Sp. desafilado, sin punta.

E.g.

a blunt knife     

This pencil's blunt!     

The police said he had been hit with a blunt instrument.

catch on  to become popular or fashionable         

E.g.

He invented a new game, but it never really caught on.

in no way: not at all. Sp. de ninguna manera.

E.g.

She added that she had in no way intended to offend anybody.

The fact that you were a little drunk in no way excuses your behaviour.

 

graceful:  moving in an attractive way that shows control; having a smooth, attractive form. Sp. elegante.

E.g.

The dancers were all tall and graceful.     

He gave a graceful bow to the audience.     

the graceful curves of the hills     

Dolphins are incredibly graceful and efficient swimmers.

Her movements were graceful and elegant.  

The branches formed a graceful curve.

  

Open World p 27

 

something befalls somebody (used only in the third person) (of something unpleasant) to happen to somebody. Sp.  suceder a, ocurrir a (tragedia, accidente)      

E.g.

They were unaware of the fate that was to befall them.

 

Do Ex 4

Do Ex 5

Useful language 

I don't know that I agree with this...

I personally wouldn't recommend...

In all honesty I wouldn't... If I were you...

All things considered...

I couldn't disagree more...

 

Do Ex 6

Do Ex 7

Do Ex 8

Do Ex 9

 

Open World SB p 27. Social Etiqueette in the UK. Real World Video. Listening

 1. This advice will prevent language learners from causing offence ___________.

2. It is always better to ____________ on the side of politeness. 

3. One very British __________________ is that they tend to apologise excessively.

4. Never ______________ the importance of queueing in the UK.

5. British people are less ____________

6. To get into your host family's good books, you'd better mind your manners and offer to help with the everyday _____________

7. Having your phone on the table while having dinner is definitely ____________ upon in most homes.

KEY

1. inadvertently /ˌɪnədˈvɜːtntli/

by accident; without intending to. Synonym: unintentionally.

E.g.

We had inadvertently left without paying the bill. 

2. err

err on the side of something ​to show too much of a good quality in order to avoid showing too little. Sp. pecar de...

E.g.

I thought it was better to err on the side of caution (= to be too careful rather than take a risk). Sp. pecar de precavido -a

 

 

 

3. peculiarity

 

 

4. underestimate

 

 

 

5. tactile /ˈtæktaɪl/

a tactile person likes to touch people, for example when talking to them. 

E.g.

He's a very tactile man (= he enjoys touching people).

 

 

6. chores

 

 

7. frowned

frown on/upon somebody/something to disapprove of someone or something, especially someone’s behaviour.  Sp. ver/mirar algo con malos ojos

E.g  

Second marriages were frowned upon. Sp. Los segundos matrimonios estaban mal vistos

 

 

Open World p 26

Do Ex 1

hat tip (to somebody) (for something)  (also HT) (in online contexts) used on the internet to acknowledge somebody's part in something, providing information or ideas for something.

E.g.      

Hat tip to John Rowe for the link to this blog.

Hat tip to Chris Johnson, who alerted me to the story  

Origin:  Late 19th century (originally denoting an act of raising one's hat as a polite greeting or salutation): from the phrase tip one's hat.

 

Do Ex 2

Do Ex 3

 

etiquette /ˈetɪkət/,   /ˈetɪket/ the formal rules of correct or polite behaviour in society, among members of a particular profession or in a particular area of activity. Sp. código de conducta

E.g.

advice on etiquette     

medical/legal/professional etiquette     

Students need to be aware of cell phone etiquette.     

We have put together a tweeting etiquette guide.

on board as part of a group or team, especially for a special purpose. Giving your support to an idea or a project. Sp. tomando parte     

E.g.

Let's bring Rob on board for the Saudi deal - he's the expert.

We must get more sponsors on board.     

You need to bring the whole staff on board.     

It’s good to have you on board (= working with us) for this project.

We’d like you on board for the next project. Sp. Nos gustaría que tomaras parte en el próximo proyecto.

 

ill-advised: not sensible; likely to cause difficulties in the future. Unwise. Sp. desacertado -a, desafortunado -a.

E.g.

Her remarks were ill-advised, to say the least. 

You would be ill-advised to travel on your own.

You would be ill-advised to go out alone at night.

 

 

rant:  

to talk or complain in a loud excited and rather confused way because you feel strongly about something. Sp. despotricar.

E.g.

rant about  

She was still ranting about the unfairness of it all.  

Why don’t you stop ranting and raving for a minute and listen?

outlook: your general attitude to life and the world. Sp. perspectiva, actitud, opinion, punto de vista.

outlook on  

He’s got a good outlook on life.  

Exercise will improve your looks and your outlook.

positive/optimistic outlook  

She still has an optimistic outlook for the future.

She has a very positive outlook on life. Sp. Tiene una actitud muy positiva ante la vida.

 

Open World p 25. Phubbing. Speaking Interaction. Cloze

7. What comes to mind when you see this picture? Remember that the pictures are there to give you ideas to talk about. You are not supposed to simply describe them.

 

A: Look at that couple over there. They are unarguably phubbing each other. What I (1)_________ by this is that they're staring at their smartphones and they're altogether ignoring each other. If you (2)_________ me, I think it was better before all these devices were invented. How do you (3)____________ about it?

B: I see what you (4)____________. It is evident that they are both too engrossed (5)___________ their phones (6)______________ pay attention to each other. However, we must also take into (7)____________ all the benefits that mobile technology has brought (8)_____________. For (9)___________, nowadays with our smartphones we can access the internet, take care of the finances or contact the office, to name (10)__________ a few. Admittedly, there is no way we (11)__________ have done that in the past.

A: You may have a (12)__________ there. But to my (13)_________, nothing (14)___________ good old-fashioned face-to-face conversations. Nowadays, everyone is glued (15)___________ their devices, (16)_________ when they're with other people.

B: My thoughts (17)___________, yet the world is changing and (18)__________ is the way that we communicate with each other. Evidently, new technologies are (19)_________ to stay.

A: Well, frankly I still think that technology can have a detrimental effect (20)_________  human relationships.

B: Maybe there's some (21)____________ in what you say. All the (22)_________, I think all this new technology is really amazing!

A: I guess so, but actually to be honest, it's not my (23)_________ of tea!

 

 1. mean

 

 

 

2. ask

 

 

3. feel  

 

 

 

4. mean 

 

 

 

5. in/with 

 

 

 

6. to 

 

 

 

7. consideration/account 

 

 

 

8. about 

 

 

 

9. instance/example 

 

 

 

10. but 

 

 

 

11. could 

 

 

 

12. point 

 

 

 

13. mind 

 

 

 

14. beats 

 

 

 

15. to 

 

 

 

16. even 

 

 

 

17. exactly 

 

 

 

18. so 

 

 

 

19. here 

 

 

 

20. on

 

 

 

21. truth 

 

 

22. same

All the same: in spite of something that you have just mentioned. Sp. de todas formas, aun así.  I’m not likely to run out of money but, all the same, I’m careful.  

 

 

 

23. cup 

Open World p 25. Speaking

 Do the speaking part

Open World p 24. Exam Focus

largely: to a great extent; mostly or mainly. Sp. en gran parte/medida.

E.g.

The manager was largely responsible for the team’s victory. 

The popularity of the book is largely due to the fantastic illustrations. 

Women aged 35 to 50 are largely ignored by mainstream cinema. 

The decision was based largely on consumer feedback. 

 He resigned largely because of the stories in the press. 

It was largely a matter of trial and error 

The state of Nevada is largely desert. Sp. El estado de Nevada es en gran parte desértico.

It had been a tiring day, largely because of all the waiting. Sp. Había sido un día agotador, en gran medida a causa de la espera.

 

opt out (of something) ​to choose not to take part in something. Sp.  no participar en algo, borrarse de algo.

E.g. 

Employees may opt out of the company's pension plan. 

Most employees want to opt out of the company pension scheme. Sp. La mayoría de los empleados quiere borrarse del plan de pensiones de la compañía.

 

notably: /ˈnəʊtəbli/ used for giving a good or the most important example of something. Sp.  en especial/particular, most notably en particular.

synonym: especially  

E.g.   

The house had many drawbacks, most notably its price.     

This argument has been put forward by many politicians, most notably by the Prime Minister and the Foreign Secretary.

 

judgemental: /dʒʌdʒˈmentl/ judging people and criticizing them too quickly. Sp. crítico.

E.g.

Stop always being so judgemental!

judgy: too quick to criticize people.

E.g.

He's so judgy when it comes to other people's mistakes. 

I just can't deal with their judgy comments right now. 

when it comes to (doing) something  when it is a question of something. Used to identify the specific topic that is being talked about. Sp.  cuando se trata de algo, en lo que se refiere a algo.

E.g.

When it comes to playing chess, he's the best I know.

When it comes to getting things done, he's useless.

 

be on the receiving end of something be subjected to something.     

E.g.

she found herself on the receiving end of a good deal of teasing

 insecurity noun [countable, uncountable]