Watch the Grammar on the move video
start up:
start up | start something up to begin working, happening, etc.; to make something do this. If you start up a business, company etc, or it starts up, it begins to exist.
E.g.
I heard his car start up.
Start up the engines!
She started up a conversation with the woman sitting next to her.
Tax breaks help new companies start up.
Jordan started up a band of his own
make something ↔ out to understand something, especially the reason why something has happened.
make out what/how/why etc
I couldn’t make out what I had done to annoy her.
I can't make out what she wants.
As far as I can make out, he has never been married.
end up: to find yourself in a place or situation at the end of a process or period of time. Sp. acabar, terminar
end up doing something I ended up doing all the work myself.
+ adv./prep. If you go on like this you'll end up in prison.
We moved around a lot when I was young but we ended up in London.
+ adj. If he carries on driving like that, he'll end up dead.
Young people end up bored out of their minds (extremely bored).
put up with: tolerate.
E.g
I don't know how she puts up with him.
keep to something to do what you have promised or planned to do. To avoid leaving a path, road, etc. Synonym: stick to something. Sp. seguir, atenerse.
E.g.
Keep to the track—the land is very boggy around here
I think we should keep to our original plan.
However hard we try, it is difficult to keep to a diet and lose weight.
This plan will work if we keep to it
talk somebody into something to persuade someone to do something.
E.g.
I didn't want to move abroad but Bill talked me into it.
talk somebody/yourself into/out of doing something
My husband talked me into going skiing
She tried to talk him out of leaving.
use up: to use all of something so that there is none left. Sp. gastar, usar todo.
E.g.
Making soup is a good way of using up leftover vegetables.
The oil had all been used up
check somebody/something out: to look at or examine a person or thing that seems interesting or attractive. Sp. mirar, fijarse.
E.g.
Check out the prices at our new store!
Hey, check out that car!
When you're in New York, be sure to check out that camera store I told you about
get on to manage or deal with a situation, especially successfully or to make progress.
E.g.
How is George getting on at school?
How are you getting on with your essay?
I don’t know how we’ll get on without Michael.
He's getting on very well at school.
How did you get on at the interview?
How are you getting on in your new home?
We're getting on quite well with the decorating.
work out: to develop in a successful way. Sp. salir bien.
E.g.
My first job didn't work out.
Things have worked out quite well for us.
dedication: the hard work and effort that somebody puts into an activity or a purpose because they think it is important. Synonym commitment
E.g.
hard work and dedication
To reach a high level of skill requires talent, dedication, and a lot of hard work
A: I've decided to go vegan.
B: That's dedication!
dedication to somebody/something I really admire Gina for her dedication to her family.
come up with something to think of an idea, answer etc
E.g. Is that the best excuse you can come up with?
We’ve been asked to come up with some new ideas.
put something together: to make or prepare something by fitting or collecting parts together. Sp. poner junto, preparar.
to put together a model plane/an essay/a meal
I think we can put together a very strong case for the defence.
It took all morning to put the proposal together
cut something out (of something): to stop doing, using or eating something. Sp. eliminar, suprimir.
I've been advised to cut sugar out of my diet.
dine on something (formal) to have a particular type of food for dinner.
E.g.
We dined on fresh local fish.
The guests dined on lobster.
After the debate, they dined on hamburgers.
cut down on: to reduce the size, amount or number of something.
E.g. The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking.
Do Ex 1
dispose of somebody/something to get rid of somebody/something that you do not want or cannot keep.
E.g.
The difficulties of disposing of nuclear waste
to dispose of stolen property
Radioactive waste must be disposed of safely.
an incinerator built to dispose of toxic waste
How did they dispose of the body?
He never uses that bike any more, but he's very reluctant to dispose of it.
There is a recycling bin in the car park where you can dispose of your drinks cans.
put something aside to ignore or forget something, usually a feeling or difference of opinion. Synonym: disregard.
E.g.
They decided to put aside their differences.
You must put aside your pride and apologise to him.
Can we put that question aside for now, and come back to it later?
Let's put our differences aside and make a fresh start.
end up to finally come to a particular place or situation; to find yourself in a place or situation at the end of a process or period of time.
E.g.
end up doing something I ended up doing all the work myself.
+ adv./prep. If you go on like this you'll end up in prison.
We moved around a lot when I was young but we ended up in London.
+ adj. If he carries on driving like that, he'll end up dead.
clean up | clean something up to remove dirt, etc. from somewhere. Clean thoroughly. To make a place completely clean and tidy.
E.g.
Who's going to clean up this mess?
to clean up beaches after an oil spillage
a commitment to clean up the environment
It took me the rest of the day to clean (the place) up.
We spent all Saturday morning cleaning up.
Plans to clean up the beaches
John always expects other people to clean up after him (=to make a place clean after he has used it).
die out to stop existing. Become extinct.
E.g.
This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.
leave sth for/to sb: to give someone responsibility for dealing with something. Entrust a decision, choice, or action to someone else, especially someone considered better qualified.
E.g.
I've left the paperwork for you.
Leave it to me - I'll sort it out tomorrow.
I just thought I'd leave it to the experts.
sort out: resolve, find a solution for. To successfully deal with a problem or difficult situation.
E.g.
She went to a psychiatrist to try to sort out her problems.
I’ll be glad to get this misunderstanding sorted out.
Industry groups say that the market will sort this out itself.
This matter could be sorted out if they would just sit down and talk.
sort yourself out: If you have a problem, the welfare officer can help you sort yourself out.
do away with somebody/something
to get rid of something or stop using it.
E.g.
People thought that the use of robots would do away with boring low-paid factory jobs.
He thinks it's time we did away with the monarchy.
A lot of the restrictions on imports have been done away with.
kill sth off: to destroy something completely, usually over a period of time.
E.g.
The use of pesticides is killing off birds and fish.
Pollution is rapidly killing off plant life
(figurative) Lack of funding is killing off small theatres
He has effectively killed off any political opposition.
go back to something to start doing something again that you had stopped doing. Return to.
E.g.
The kids go back to school next week.
He went back to sleep
go back to doing something
She's decided to go back to teaching
She went back to watching TV
put something together: to make, construct or prepare something by fitting or collecting parts together. Sp. poner junto, preparar.
to put together a model plane/an essay/a meal
I think we can put together a very strong case for the defence.
It took all morning to put the proposal together
come up with something to invent or think of an idea, answer etc
E.g. Is that the best excuse you can come up with?
We’ve been asked to come up with some new ideas.
call on/upon somebody to ask or demand that somebody do something. Urge.
E.g.
She called on the government to hold a vote.
I feel called upon (= feel that I ought) to warn you that...
They're calling on all men and boys over the age of 14 to join the army.
Do Ex 2
back somebody/something ↔ up to say or show that what someone is saying is true. To support somebody/something.
E.g.
Jane would back me up if she were here.
There’s no evidence to back up his accusations.
These theories have not been backed up by research
I'll back you up if they don't believe you.
The writer doesn't back up his opinions with examples.
look on somebody/something (also look upon somebody/something) to consider someone or something in a particular way, or as a particular thing. Regarded as.
E.g.
look on somebody/something as
I look on him as a good friend.
look on somebody/something with
Strangers to the village are looked upon with a mixture of fear and suspicion
Do Ex 3
set something up to create something or start it.
E.g.
to set up a business
A fund will be set up for the dead men's families.
account for something to be the explanation or cause of something. Synonym explain.
E.g.
The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.
Oh well, that accounts for it (= I understand now why it happened).
The differences in achievement between the pupils are partly accounted for by differences in age.
Recent pressure at work may account for his behaviour.
The increase in carbon dioxide emissions may account for changes in the climate.
Ex 4
put somebody/something ↔ forward to suggest a plan, proposal, idea etc for other people to consider or discuss. SYN propose
E.g.
They put forward a number of suggestions.
chop something down to make something, such as a tree, fall by cutting it at the base with a sharp tool.
E.g.
There are concerns over how quickly the forests are being chopped down.
The trees are being chopped down.
Read page 207
keep something down to make something stay at a low level; to avoid increasing something.
E.g.
to keep down wages/prices/the cost of living
Keep your voice down—I don't want anyone else to hear.
Keep the noise down (= be quiet).
come around/round (to…) to come to a place, especially somebody’s house, to visit for a short time.
E.g.
Do come around and see us some time.
look up to somebody to admire or respect somebody
E.g.
I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.
Do Ex 1 on page 207
get over something to deal with or gain control of something. Synonym: overcome.
E.g.
She can't get over her shyness.
I think the problem can be got over without too much difficulty.
blow something up to destroy something by an explosion.
E.g.
The police station was blown up by terrorists.
Rebels attempted to blow up the bridge.
catch up to improve and reach the same standard as other people in your class, group etc
E.g.
If you miss a lot of classes, it’s very difficult to catch up.
At the moment our technology is more advanced, but other countries are catching up with us.
get through (to somebody) to reach somebody.
E.g.
Thousands of refugees will die if these supplies don't get through to them.
run out (of something) to use up or finish a supply of something.
E.g.
We ran out of fuel.
Could you get some milk? We seem to have run out.
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