Ready for CAE p 33. Vocabulary

A
Ex 1
Hurl: to throw something/somebody violently in a particular direction. Arrojar. E.g. He hurled a brick through the window. 
B
Ex 1
Casually: not showing much care or thought; seeming not to be worried; not wanting to show that something is important to you. E.g. ‘What did he say about me?’ she asked as casually as she could. They chatted casually on the phone. Dressed casually in jeans and T-shirt.
Ex 2
Waterproof: (usually plural: waterproofs) a piece of clothing made from material that does not let water through. E.g. You'll need waterproofs (= a waterproof jacket and trousers/pants). 
Practice
Ex 1
It’s a good job: I am pleased/lucky. Used to say that you are pleased about a situation or that somebody is lucky that something happened. E.g. It's a good job you were there to help.
Snap: Photo

Ready for CAE p 32. Royal Mail. Extra listening.



ROYAL MAIL



1. How many items of post have to be processed in Britain every day? How long should it take for every letter or parcel to reach its destination?

•
•

2. How much mail do Ned and his wife get?



3. How much time does Ned’s sister have for her birthday card to reach Ned?



4. How much postage did Ned’s sister have to pay?



5. Where do London’s postal workers have to take the mail they collect?



6. What increases the chance of the card not arriving at its destination in time?



7. How many letters have to be sorted every hour?



8. What helps the job of sorting all these letters?



9. Where does oversize mail go?



10. What is the task of the…

•phosphorus detector?


•high-resolution camera?


11. What do special staff look for in case there is no address on the envelope?



12. How will Ned’s card travel to Kerrera?



13. How does Kerrera’s local postman sort the mail?



14. Why is Ned confused when he gets his sister’s card?



GLOSSARY

AUTOMATED: operated by machines or computers.

CONVEYOR (BELT): a continuous moving strip or surface that is used for transporting a load of objects from one place to another. Cinta transportadora.

FIN: a thin vertical part sticking out of the body of especially a fish or an aircraft which helps balance and movement.

STATE-OF-THE-ART: very modern and using the most recent ideas and methods.

TO BE SNOWED UNDER: to have so much work that you have problems dealing with it all.

TO CULL: to select.

TO SNIFF OUT: to discover where something or someone is by smelling.

TO STACK: to arrange things in an ordered pile.

TO TICK AWAY: If time ticks away/by, it goes past.

TO WEED OUT: to get rid of unwanted things or people from a group.


KEY:
1. 84 million
24 hours
2. They don't get much post
3. 24 hours
4. 32 pence
5. Gatwick Mail Centre in the outskirts of London
6. Every delay
7.150.000
8. Automated system called integrated mail processing or IMP
9. Passes to another series of conveyers for manual sorting
10.a. To know which way a letter is pointing
b. to read the addresses and tell the IMP where to stack the letter
11. they open them to see if there are any clues inside
12. lorry, plane, van, ferry
13. Sack on road technology
14. It's not his birthday until next month

Related story:
The People's Post: A Narrative History of the Post Office

Ready for CAE p 31. Reading. Vocabulary

SMART SHOES DECIDE ON TELEVISION TIME



To work out: to do a calculation to get an answer to a mathematical question.

To warrant: to make a particular activity necessary.

To devise: to invent a plan, system, object, etc., usually cleverly or imaginatively.

To dub: to give something or someone a particular name, especially describing what you think of them.

Tiny: extremely small.

To record: to keep information for the future, by writing it down or storing it on a computer.

Wireless: a radio.

To deserve: to have earned or to be given something because of the way you have behaved or the qualities you have.

Exertion: effort.

To balloon: to get bigger and rounder.

Waistline: an imaginary line going round the narrowest part of your waist.

Current: of the present time.

Issues: a subject or problem which people are thinking and talking about.

To stand out: to be very noticeable.

To tackle: to try to deal with something or someone.

Allowance: an amount of something that you are allowed.

Further: more, additional.

Pedometer: a device which measures how far someone has walked by counting the number of times the feet are raised and put down again.

To clip: to fasten something with a clip. A clip: a small usually metal or plastic object used for fastening things together or holding them in position.

To keep count: to record how many of something there is, or how many time something has happened.

To be tricked into: to be deceived.



EXTRACT FROM A NEWSPAPER COLUMN



Regular: usual or ordinary.

Subtle: not loud, bright, noticeable or obvious in any way.

To go out of one’s way: to try very hard to do something, especially for someone else.

Market research: the collection and examination of information about things that people buy or might buy and their feelings about things that they have bought.

To CONDUCT a survey

On behalf of: representing; instead of.

Settlement: an arrangement to end a disagreement involving a law having been broken, without taking it to a court of law, or an amount of money paid as part of such an arrangement.

Claimant: a person who asks for something which they believe belongs to them or which they have a right to.

To pop: to move quickly and suddenly, especially from an enclosed space.

Claim: a statement that something is true or is a fact, although other people might not believe it.





JUNK





Unwittingly: without being aware of what you are doing or the situation that you are involved in. Sin ser consciente (de ello), sin darse cuenta.

Mockery: comments or actions that are intended to make sby/sthg seem ridiculous.

Endeavour: an attempt to do sthg, especially sthg new or difficult. Esfuerzo, empeño, intento.

Countless: very many; too many to be counted or mentioned.

Casual: not showing much care or thought; seeming not to be worried; not wanting to show that sthg is important to you.

To trample: to ignore sby’s feelings or rights and treat them as if they are not important.

Awesome: very impressive or very difficult and perhaps rather frightening.

To hurl: to throw sthg/sby violently in a particular direction.

To tear up: to destroy a document, etc. by tearing it into pieces.

Fir tree: an evergreen forest tree with leaves like needles, that grows in cool northern countries. Abeto.

Mill: a factory that produces a particular type of material.

To pulp: to crush or beat sthg so that it becomes soft and wet.

To weep-wept-wept: to cry.

To dismiss: to decide that sby/sthg is not important and not worth thinking or talking about.

To peruse: to read sthg, especially in a careful way. Perusal: noun. Examen.

Pointless: having no purpose; not worth doing.

Moorland: land that consists of moors. Moor: a high open area of land that is not used for farming, especially an area covered with rough grass and heather. Páramo.

To turn over to: to change the use or function of sthg.

Crop: a plant that is grown in large quantities, especially as food. the amount of grain, fruit, etc. that is grown in one season.

To wipe out: to destroy or remove sby/sthg completely.

To pray: to speak to God, especially to give thanks or ask for help.

Consumption: the act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used. Consumo.

Contemptuous: feeling or showing that you have no respect for sby/sthg.

Spindly: (informal, often disapproving) very long and thin and not strong. Largo y flaco; larguirucho.

Leggy: (informal) (especially of girls and women) having long legs. De piernas largas, zanquilargo.

Ready for C1 p 35. Information and Research. Speaking









The picture at the bottom is from The Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University

Interaction

1. How can we gather information? What different ways do we have to get information? Where can we obtain information from?

2. How many times in a typical week do you go on the internet? What kind of information do you want to access?

3. What are the different sections a library is divided into? How is the information stored?

4. Do you know of anyone who has ever tried to withhold information from you? Why? Do you agree with the following statement: “Information is power”?

5. In what ways can information be manipulated? Can you think of any instances of this?

Monologue

Student A

1. Do we, Spaniards, enjoy total freedom of information?

2. What kind of information can you get just by watching somebody? What does their posture / gestures / clothes / movement of the eyes, etc tell you about them? Is this kind of information accurate? How often have you been proved wrong?

3. Do you think it is vital to carry out extensive research into renewable energy sources?

Student B

1. What ground-breaking research needs to be conducted?
2. Have you heard about any recent pioneering research on something that has produced some interesting findings about anything?
3. Can inaccurate information and conspiracy theories be misleading or even dangerous?

Useful Language

- You can access information about a wide range of topics on the internet.
- Often websites and blogs publish information that…
- The local radio broadcasts information for the residents.
- The BBC broadcasts information from all around the world on various topics.

- You can gather information by copying and pasting text from a web site. Then you need to research the information you've collected. And finally, you have to organize relevant information in folders.
- I'm currently trying to compile information about the different kinds of…

- Students may also obtain information at the library.
- On the one hand, the World Wide Web offers information and data from all over the world. However, it is necessary to develop skills to evaluate what you find. On the other hand, when you use a research or academic library, the books, journals and other resources have already been evaluated by scholars, publishers and librarians. Inaccurate information can be misleading or even dangerous (health information for example).
- If we make a decision based on wrong or unreliable information,…
- Libraries provide information on a wide range of topics in various formats, such as books, both in standard or large print, audio tapes, online databases…Most public libraries also provide information on educational opportunities in the area as well as free internet access to members.

- Poor-quality or missing information can mislead you
- Sometimes people deliberately withhold information because it is embarrassing or because they aren't aware it is important.

- We are aware that the media, mainly the newspaper and television, may convey (communicate) misconstrued (misinterpreted) and biased information to many people  about many events.
- Misinformation can spread fast via social networks.
- We have relied on many newspapers and news sources for years to give us verifiable and non-biased information. These days though it seems…

- We enjoy freedom of information, of expression, and of participation, within a context of respect for pluralism.

- Appearances can be deceiving/deceptive.
- We must avoid misjudging others
- Although appearances can be deceiving, they can also be revealing.


Sample answer:

"Can inaccurate information and conspiracy theories be misleading or even dangerous?"

This is a fascinating question, and I think the answer is (1)______________ (DOUBT) yes. Inaccurate information and conspiracy theories can have a significant impact on both individuals and society as a whole. Let me explain why.

First of all, inaccurate information can lead people to make poor decisions. For instance, if someone believes false information about health, like a claim that vaccines are (2)____________ (HARM) without any scientific evidence, they might refuse vaccination. This not only puts their health at risk but can also (3)_______________ (DANGER) public health by reducing herd (4)_____________ (IMMUNE). We’ve seen examples of this during the COVID-19 pandemic when (5)_______________ (INFORM) spread (6)__________ (RAPID) online.

Conspiracy theories can be even more dangerous because they often create (7)____________ (TRUST) in important institutions, such as governments, scientists, or the media. For example, conspiracy theories about climate change being a hoax have delayed action on one of the most critical challenges of our time. When people (8)______________ (TRUST) credible sources of information, it becomes much harder to address global issues.

Moreover, conspiracy theories can lead to extreme behavior. In some cases, people act on these theories with (9)_________________ (DEVASTATION) consequences. For instance, the “Pizzagate” conspiracy theory in the United States led someone to bring a gun to a restaurant because they believed it was involved in a child trafficking ring. (10)_______________ (THANKS), no one was hurt, but it shows how dangerous such beliefs can become when taken (11)___________________ (SERIOUS).

One of the reasons fake news and conspiracy theories spread so easily is social media. Algorithms often (12)_______________ (PRIORITY) sensational content, which makes false claims more likely to reach a large audience. People might share these ideas without checking the facts, (13)_______________ (INTENTION) spreading harm.

To conclude, while some might argue that everyone has the right to their own opinion, it’s crucial to recognize that not all opinions are equally valid. Inaccurate information and conspiracy theories aren’t just misleading—they can lead to real harm. That’s why critical thinking and (14)_______________ (VERIFICATION) sources are more important than ever in today’s world.



KEY





1. undoubtedly







2. harmful







3. endanger







4. immunity







5. misinformation/disinformation






6. rapidly







7. mistrust/ distrust






8. distrust/mistrust






9. devastating






10. Thankfully






11. seriously







12. prioritize






13. unintentionally






14. verifying

Ready for CAE p 30. Duping the Tabloids. Extra Listening



Listen to the news report and write T (True) or F (False) next to the following sentences.
1. Chris Atkins proves in his film that some of the stories in the tabloids are always invented.
2. If a story is funny you just need to give your name and phone number and it is published.
3. For the film they invented several stories and they were all published.
4. Atkins wants to denounce the status of power and influence that tabloids have achieved.
5. He says celebrity journalists despise the truth and the facts behind stories.
6. The publicist Max Clifford says Chris Atkins could plant those fake stories because they were unimportant.


KEY
1. Chris Atkins proves in his film that some of the stories in the tabloids are always invented. F
• False: he proves that it is easy to make an invented story be published.
2. If a story is funny you just need to give your name and phone number and it is published. T
3. For the film they invented several stories and they were all published. F
• False: They invented four stories and several got published.
4. Atkins wants to denounce the status of power and influence that tabloids have achieved. T
5. He says celebrity journalists despise the truth and the facts behind stories. T
• False: He says they take a scant regard for the truth, they don’t pay too much attention to the truth.
6. The publicist Max Clifford says Chris Atkins could plant those fake stories because they were unimportant. T