Speakout Advanced p 69. Future Perfect and Future Continuous. Extra Speaking

Ask your partner(s) whether they…

1. will be doing a lot of driving this weekend.
2. will probably be sitting on a bus in a couple of hour’s time.
3. won’t be eating at home tonight.
4. will probably have moved house by this time next year.
5. won’t be coming to the next lesson.
6. will have taken some important exams by the end of the year.
7. will be celebrating their birthday at home this / next year.
8. think they’ll have got married by the end of next year.
9. don’t think they’ll have got married by the end of next year.
10. will definitely still be studying English this time next year.

Speakout Advanced p 9. THE CONTINUOUS ASPECT. Extra Exercise

Describe an action following these instructions


1. an action happening now



E.g. The builders ________ (mend) the roof



The builders are mending the roof
(present continuous)



2. an action not necessarily happening at the moment but occurring about this time



E.g. My husband ________ (rebuild) the garage



My husband is rebuilding the garage
(present continuous)



3. a future arranged action



E.g. I __________ (meet) John on Monday



I am meeting John on Monday
(present continuous) 



4. a frequently occurring action which annoys the speaker



E.g. She ____________ (always, leave) the front door open.



She is always leaving the front door open
(present continuous) 



5. a temporary action



E.g.  I  _____________ (currently, juggle) three jobs and a family.



I am currently juggling three jobs, my children's needs and the household chores.
(present continuous) 



6. an action which began in the past and is still continuing emphasising duration



E.g. I ____________________ (expect) a call from my solicitor all day.



I have been expecting a call from my solicitor all day.
(present perfect continuous) 



7. a continuous past action



E.g. It _________ (snow) heavily all day yesterday so I drove carefully



It was snowing heavily all day yesterday so I drove carefully
(past continuous)



8. a frequently repeated action in the past



E.g. My old car _______________ (always, break) down.



My old car was always breaking down
(past continuous) 



9. an interrupted past action (first action interrupted by second)



E.g. He _______________ (race) down the motorway when a tyre burst.



He  was racing down the motorway when a tyre burst.

race: move fast.
(past continuous) 



10. two actions in the past occurring simultaneously



E.g. I __________ (clean) the windscreen while they __________ (put) the luggage in the boot.




I was cleaning the windscreen while they were putting the luggage in the boot.

boot: the space at the back of a car that you put bags, cases, etc. in
bonnet: the metal part over the front of a vehicle, usually covering the engine.
(past continuous) 



11. an intention in the past



E.g. I _____________ (buy) a car but I didn't have enough money 



I was going to buy a car but I didn't have enough money
(past continuous) 



12. a request without being direct 



E.g. I ___________ (wonder) if I could have a lift home




I was wondering if I could borrow some money 
(past continuous) 



13. a continuous past action completed before another past action



E.g. He ________________ (drive) all day, so he was very tired when he arrived



He had been driving all day, so he was very tired when he arrived 
(past perfect continuous)   



14. an action which in progress at a certain time in the future



E.g. This time next week, we _______________ (listen) to the BBC 



This time next week, we will be listening to the BBC
(future continuous)



15. an action which began before a certain future time and is not over



E.g. By next month I _____________ (teach) English for 25 years



By next month I will have been teaching English for 25 years    
(future perfect continuous) 

Speakout Advanced p 9. THE CONTINUOUS ASPECT. Extra Grammar

The continuous aspect is expressed with the auxiliary be and the present participle –ing form of the verb. Depending on the time of the action, we use the past, present, future or modal+form of be.

The continuous aspect focuses on the duration of an event. It expresses that the action was, is or will be in progress at a specific point of time or over a period of time. The point of time may be defined by a time expression (now, at 5 o’clock yesterday, this time tomorrow) or a clause (when I came home, when I come home). For the period of time, we can also use a time expression (all day yesterday) or a clause (while she was reading).





When do we use the continuous aspect?

We use it to talk about:

Actions that we see happening over a period of time. E.g. I have been playing the piano since 2000. 


 Actions in progress when another thing happens. E.g. She will be cleaning the house when Christian gets home.  


 Temporary or incomplete situations. E.g. He’s studying for his final exams at university so he is very busy.

Repeated actions (that may be annoying). E.g. Why are you continually criticising?

 Situations in the process of changing. E.g. Spanish employment is getting worse.

Plans (often using the past continuous). E.g. I was going to phone but I forgot.

Tentative ideas (to avoid being too direct with a request). E.g. I am hoping to borrow some money.

Tentative: 

1. (of an arrangement, agreement, etc.) not definite or certain because you may want to change it later. E.g. We made a tentative arrangement to meet on Friday. Tentative conclusions
2. not behaving or done with confidence. Hesitant. E.g. a tentative greeting. Her English is correct but tentative. I'm taking the first tentative steps towards fitness.

Actions in progress at a particular time. E.g. At 5 o’clock, I was sitting on the bus

Verbs which do not take a continuous aspect in English There are verbs in English which generally are not used in the continuous aspect: ·         - verbs of the senses (verbs of perception): see, hear, smell, taste, notice, recognize, etc.                               I smell gas. ·         - verbs of thinking: think, realize, know, understand, suppose, expect, remember, forget, mind, etc.                              I don’t remember your name. ·         - verbs of having and being: have, own, owe, belong to, possess, be, contain, matter, hold, etc.                               The house belongs to my mother. ·         - verbs of emotion: love, hate, like, dislike, refuse, want, wish, forgive, etc.                                  I hate people calling me late at night.

Speakout Advanced p 9. Aspect. Extra Grammar

What is an aspect when we talk about verb forms?
With verb forms the aspect refers to the way we look at the action described by the verb.

How many aspects are there?
Three:

1. The simple aspect: emphasises that the action is complete and that the events are permanent, complete, habitual or mere facts:

-Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. (permanent / fact) > Present simple
-We went to the cinema yesterday. (complete action) > Past simple
-John wakes up at 6am every day. (habit) > Present simple
-We will go there tomorrow. (fact) > Future simple

2. The perfect aspect: emphasises that the action is completed before another time and it's also used to show a connection between the past and the present:

-Milly has already read that book. (some time before now) > Present perfect simple
-I've lived here all my life. (connection between the past and the present)
   > Present perfect simple
-By the time you arrived they had left. (some time before then) > Past perfect
-I will have done the ironing by the time you phone me. (some time before you phone me) > future perfect

3. The continuous aspect: focuses on the action itself and its duration. We are not interested in its result. It also indicates that the action is temporary or in progress:

-He's living with his parents until he can find a house. (temporary) > Present continuous
-She's always playing her music loudly (repeated annoying actions) > present continuous
(Notice how we can also use the adverb "always" with the continuous aspect to indicate annoyance)
-The economy is getting better (situations in process of changing) >Present continuous
-I'm/was thinking of going home this weekend (plans) > Present or past continuous
-John was crying when I arrived. (action in progress when another thing happened) > Past continuous
-While I was studying, they were having fun (two parallel actions in progress at the same time)
   > Past continuous
-I was wondering if I could borrow some money (tentative ideas to avoid being to direct with a request) > Past continuous
-The've been waiting here for an hour (to emphasise duration) > Past perfect continuous
-In 2040 I will have been living here for 50 years (to emphasise duration) > Future perfect continuous
-Everyone seems to be working at the moment (action in progress) > Infinitive in continuous

Verbs never used in the continuous aspect 
What we call "state" or "stative" verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. They are verbs that describe personal feelings, the senses or thoughts.

Nice list of stative verbs with examples.

Pay attention to those verbs in the previous list that are both stative and  dynamic!

 Is "I'm loving it correct grammar?