Do Ex 3
Open World p 60. Phrasal Verbs. Key Word Transformations
1. I couldn’t understand what we had done to annoy her.
MAKE
I wasn't ___________________________ been done to annoy her.
2. "I will not tolerate your bad behaviour any longer!," said the teacher.
PUT
The teacher refused ____________________________ bad behaviour any longer
3. This plan will work if we stick to it
KEEP
This plan will work as ___________________________ it
4. I didn't want to move abroad but Bill persuaded me to do it.
TALKED
Had Bill __________________________ abroad, I wouldn't have done it.
5. "I don’t know how we’ll manage without Michael," said my boss.
GET
My boss wondered ______________________________ Michael.
6. Things have developed quite well for us. I didn't expect that.
WORKED
Things have ___________________________________ I had expected.
7. They have asked us to think of some new ideas.
COME
We _______________________________________ with some new ideas.
8. The doctor has advised me to stop eating sugar in my diet.
CUT
I've been ________________________________ my diet.
9. "You should reduce the amount you drink," said the doctor
CUT
The doctor urged _______________________ his drinking.
10. If you go on like this you'll find yourself in prison.
END
Don't go on like this unless _________________________ in prison.
KEY
1. I wasn't able to make out what had been done to annoy her.
make something ↔ out to understand something, especially the reason why something has happened.
make out what/how/why etc
I can't make out what she wants.
As far as I can make out, he has never been married.
2. The teacher refused to put up with their bad behaviour any longer
put up with: tolerate.
E.g
I don't know how she puts up with him.
3. This plan will work as long as we keep to it
keep to something to do what you have promised or planned to do. To avoid leaving a path, road, etc. Synonym: stick to something. Sp. seguir, atenerse.
E.g.
Keep to the track—the land is very boggy around here
I think we should keep to our original plan.
However hard we try, it is difficult to keep to a diet and lose weight.
4. Had Bill not talked me into moving abroad, I wouldn't have done it.
talk somebody into something to persuade someone to do something.
E.g.
talk somebody/yourself into/out of doing something
My husband talked me into going skiing
She tried to talk him out of leaving.
5. My boss wondered how we would get on without Michael.
get on to manage or deal with a situation, especially successfully or to make progress.
E.g.
How is George getting on at school?
How are you getting on with your essay?
He's getting on very well at school.
How did you get on at the interview?
How are you getting on in your new home?
We're getting on quite well with the decorating.
6. Things have worked out better for us than I had expected.
work out: to develop in a successful way. Sp. salir bien.
E.g.
My first job didn't work out.
come up with something to think of an idea, answer etc
E.g. Is that the best excuse you can come up with?
8. I've been advised to cut sugar out of my diet.
cut something out (of something): to stop doing, using or eating something. Sp. eliminar, suprimir.
The current advice to pregnant women is to cut out alcohol
9. The doctor urged him to cut down on his drinking.
cut down on: to reduce the size, amount or number of something.
E.g.
Cut down on fatty foods if you want to lose weight.
10. Don't go on like this unless you want to end up in prison.
end up doing something I ended up doing all the work myself.
+ adv./prep. If you go on like this you'll end up in prison.
We moved around a lot when I was young but we ended up in London.
+ adj. If he carries on driving like that, he'll end up dead.
Young people end up bored out of their minds (extremely bored).
Open World p 57. Grammar
Watch the grammar on the move video
Do Ex 1
Do Ex 2
Do Ex 1 on page p 206
Push Yourself section:
Read the "Did you know?" box
Do Ex 1
Open World p 56. Greta Thunberg at TED Talks. Listening
1.Greta wonders why people didn't change their behaviour if burning ____________ /_________ was such a bad thing.
2. Rich countries need to start ____________/___________ by at least 15 percent every year.
3. Greta complains that the media and our leaders don’t mention the _____________/ ____________ already locked in the system.
4. Up to 200 species are ____________/__________ every single day.
5.Some signs of the climate crisis are ________/________ and tens of thousands of dead people.
6. It is said that Greta ought to become a climate scientist ___________ / ___________ she is able to solve the climate crisis.
7. At the end of a talk people are supposed to discuss wind power, hope, circular economy or _________ /__________.
8. Greta suggests that _______/ ________ looking for hope, we should look for action.
KEY
1. fossil fuels
2. reducing emissions
3. greenhouse gases
4. going extinct
5. flooded cities
6. so that
7. solar panels
8. instead of
TASK:
Create a Ted talk presentation speculating about the future of the
environment
Open World p 54. Planet 9. Listening
Script
Track 026 (gaps: 1-4)
Hi everyone, my presentation today is about a groundbreaking discovery that was announced in the US by two scientists, Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown.
They've actually uncovered evidence of a "new" planet in our solar system, called Planet 9.
It orbits the sun, and so it can be considered part of our solar system although its orbits actually take ten to twenty thousand years.
Unlike bodies such as Pluto, which aren't of sufficient size to be considered as planets, this one definitely meets the criteria.
Planet 9 is about 80 billion kilometres away from Earth, much further away when compared to the other planets in our solar system.
Neptune, for example, is around four billion kilometres away. But the way that it dominates its region of the solar system is what has been characterised as 'planet-like' by various commentators.
Beyond Neptune is a collection of smaller bodies known as the Kuiper Belt. This is a collection of thousands of icy bits of debris, and the existence of this new planet in this region is thought to account for the fact that these frozen objects are moving as if orbiting around something that hadn't previously been seen.
What is more, each of these objects was found to be orbiting at an absolutely identical angle. The probability of that happening randomly is about 0.007 percent, so it is reasonable to assume there must actually be something there, even if it can't be seen!
Track 027 (gaps 5-8)
Now, of course, all the planets in the solar system have been known about since ancient times, with the exception of two which were found more recently.
So if indeed this is a planet, it would be a third newly discovered one, making the discovery a real rarity.
And it would be the ninth planet away from the sun, hence its name.
One of the biggest questions is how it came into being.
One theory is that Planet 9 was one of the first bodies formed in our solar system, along with Uranus and Neptune, and all these planets went on to grab all the gas that was around them.
However, Planet 9 is unique in that it ended up being solid, with a core of iron.
Over time, Planet 9 ended up being much further away than all the others from the sun, possibly because it was ejected into a distant orbit after being drawn towards Jupiter and being acted on by its gravitational pull.
If all this sounds rather vague, it's because much of this theory is just that, hypothesis as opposed to fact.
Of course, there's a great deal about the solar system that we can be virtually 100 percent sure about, but what makes Planet 9 so amazing is that it shows that our awareness of it is incomplete, even after all these years.
Of course, it's possible that Batygin and Brown might be proved wrong or that there may be no conclusive evidence one way or the other, but that remains to be seen.
Vocabulary
groundbreaking: making new discoveries; using new methods. Sp. innovador, revolucionario.
E.g. a groundbreaking piece of research.
account for something: to be the explanation or cause of something. Explain.
E.g.
The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.
Oh well, that accounts for it (= I understand now why it happened).
randomly: /ˈrændəmli/ without somebody deciding in advance what is going to happen and without any regular pattern. Sp. al azar.
E.g.
The winning numbers are randomly selected by computer.
My phone seems to switch itself off randomly
Seven randomly chosen numbers. Sp. siete números escogidos al azar
rarity: /ˈreərəti/
1. [countable] a person or thing that is unusual and is therefore often valuable or interesting. Sp. cosa rara.
E.g.
Women are still something of a rarity in senior positions in business.
His collection of plants contains many rarities.
2. [uncountable] the quality of being rare. Sp. rareza
E.g.
The value of antiques will depend on their condition and rarity.
Items like this have a certain rarity value
Such stamps are expensive because of their rarity.
come into being: to begin to exist
E.g.
The story of how the university came into being is quite fascinating.
At the moment when the Earth came into being
over time: gradually
E.g.
Things will get better over time.
conclusive /kənˈkluːsɪv/ proving something in a way that is certain and allows no doubt. OPP inconclusive.
E.g.
conclusive evidence/proof/results
The evidence is by no means conclusive
Track 026 (gaps: 1-4)
Hi everyone, my presentation today is about a groundbreaking discovery that was announced in the US by two scientists, Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown.
They've actually uncovered evidence of a "new" planet in our solar system, called Planet 9.
It orbits the sun, and so it can be considered part of our solar system although its orbits actually take ten to twenty thousand years.
Unlike bodies such as Pluto, which aren't of sufficient size to be considered as planets, this one definitely meets the criteria.
Planet 9 is about 80 billion kilometres away from Earth, much further away when compared to the other planets in our solar system.
Neptune, for example, is around four billion kilometres away. But the way that it dominates its region of the solar system is what has been characterised as 'planet-like' by various commentators.
Beyond Neptune is a collection of smaller bodies known as the Kuiper Belt. This is a collection of thousands of icy bits of debris, and the existence of this new planet in this region is thought to account for the fact that these frozen objects are moving as if orbiting around something that hadn't previously been seen.
What is more, each of these objects was found to be orbiting at an absolutely identical angle. The probability of that happening randomly is about 0.007 percent, so it is reasonable to assume there must actually be something there, even if it can't be seen!
Track 027 (gaps 5-8)
Now, of course, all the planets in the solar system have been known about since ancient times, with the exception of two which were found more recently.
So if indeed this is a planet, it would be a third newly discovered one, making the discovery a real rarity.
And it would be the ninth planet away from the sun, hence its name.
One of the biggest questions is how it came into being.
One theory is that Planet 9 was one of the first bodies formed in our solar system, along with Uranus and Neptune, and all these planets went on to grab all the gas that was around them.
However, Planet 9 is unique in that it ended up being solid, with a core of iron.
Over time, Planet 9 ended up being much further away than all the others from the sun, possibly because it was ejected into a distant orbit after being drawn towards Jupiter and being acted on by its gravitational pull.
If all this sounds rather vague, it's because much of this theory is just that, hypothesis as opposed to fact.
Of course, there's a great deal about the solar system that we can be virtually 100 percent sure about, but what makes Planet 9 so amazing is that it shows that our awareness of it is incomplete, even after all these years.
Of course, it's possible that Batygin and Brown might be proved wrong or that there may be no conclusive evidence one way or the other, but that remains to be seen.
Vocabulary
groundbreaking: making new discoveries; using new methods. Sp. innovador, revolucionario.
E.g. a groundbreaking piece of research.
account for something: to be the explanation or cause of something. Explain.
E.g.
The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.
Oh well, that accounts for it (= I understand now why it happened).
randomly: /ˈrændəmli/ without somebody deciding in advance what is going to happen and without any regular pattern. Sp. al azar.
E.g.
The winning numbers are randomly selected by computer.
My phone seems to switch itself off randomly
Seven randomly chosen numbers. Sp. siete números escogidos al azar
rarity: /ˈreərəti/
1. [countable] a person or thing that is unusual and is therefore often valuable or interesting. Sp. cosa rara.
E.g.
Women are still something of a rarity in senior positions in business.
His collection of plants contains many rarities.
2. [uncountable] the quality of being rare. Sp. rareza
E.g.
The value of antiques will depend on their condition and rarity.
Items like this have a certain rarity value
Such stamps are expensive because of their rarity.
come into being: to begin to exist
E.g.
The story of how the university came into being is quite fascinating.
At the moment when the Earth came into being
over time: gradually
E.g.
Things will get better over time.
conclusive /kənˈkluːsɪv/ proving something in a way that is certain and allows no doubt. OPP inconclusive.
E.g.
conclusive evidence/proof/results
The evidence is by no means conclusive
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